Table 4 Odds ratio of diabetic retinopathy in male and female stratified according to the quartile category of vitamin A in the blood in representative Korean adults aged 40 years or older, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin, and hypertension. Value is described as odds ratio (95% confidence intervals).
From: The relationship between blood vitamin A levels and diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study
Quartile blood vitamin A level (mg/L) | Odds ratio |
|---|---|
Male | |
Quartile level 1 (< 0.41) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile level 2 (0.41–0.51) | 0.40 (0.85–1.89) |
Quartile level 3 (0.51–0.64) | 0.11 (0.01–0.69) |
Quartile level 4 (≥ 0.64) | 0.27 (0.05–1.39) |
P for trend | 0.010 |
Female | |
Quartile level 1 (< 0.41) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile level 2 (0.41–0.51) | 0.82 (0.25–2.65) |
Quartile level 3 (0.51–0.64) | 0.47 (0.22–1.01) |
Quartile level 4 (≥ 0.64) | 0.42 (0.14–1.27) |
P for trend | 0.277 |
