Table 1 Chromium concentration (mg/L) and removal efficiency (%) in floating treatment wetland reactors planted with Phragmites australis (Pa) and Iris pseudacorus (Ip) at different initial Cr concentrations for 50 days (“main experiment”) and 10 days (“supporting experiment”) (means and averages of 3 replicates).
From: Chromium (III) removal by perennial emerging macrophytes in floating treatment wetlands
Main experiment | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Metal concentration [µg/L] | Removal efficiency [%] | ||||||||||||
0 min | ± SD | 10 days | ± SD | 20 days | ± SD | 35 days | ± SD | 50 days | ± SD | 10 days | 20 days | 35 days | 50 days | |
Pa-Cr500 | 500 | 100 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 2.0 | 14.3 | 3.0 | 15.3 | 3.0 | 99 | 98 | 97 | 97 |
Ip-Cr500 | 500 | 100 | 10.0 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 2.0 | 12.0 | 2.0 | 13.0 | 3.0 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 |
Pa-Cr1000 | 1000 | 180 | 6.6 | 1.0 | 9.9 | 2.0 | 18.7 | 3.0 | 20.9 | 4.0 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 |
Ip-Cr1000 | 1000 | 190 | 8.3 | 2.0 | 11.5 | 2.0 | 17.7 | 4.0 | 32.3 | 6.0 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 97 |
Pa-Cr2000 | 2000 | 360 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 2.0 | 17.8 | 3.0 | 21.1 | 4.0 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
Ip-Cr2000 | 2000 | 370 | 9.6 | 2.0 | 11.8 | 2.0 | 13.9 | 3.0 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
Supporting experiment | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Metal concentration [µg/L] | Removal efficiency [%] | ||||||||||||
0 min | ± SD | 30 min | ± SD | 1 h | ± SD | 2 h | ± SD | 24 h | ± SD | 10 days | ± SD | 30 min | 1 h | |
Pa-Cr500 | 500 | 100 | 202 | 45 | 15 | 3.0 | 15 | 3.0 | 12 | 3.0 | 10 | 2.0 | 60 | 97 |
Ip-Cr500 | 500 | 100 | 197 | 38 | 18 | 2.0 | 18 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.5 | 61 | 96 |
Pa-Cr1000 | 1000 | 190 | 501 | 95 | 20 | 3.5 | 20 | 3.0 | 14 | 3.0 | 12 | 2.5 | 50 | 98 |
Ip-Cr1000 | 1000 | 170 | 480 | 99 | 15 | 3.0 | 15 | 3.0 | 18 | 3.0 | 18 | 3.0 | 52 | 99 |
Pa-Cr2000 | 2000 | 310 | 998 | 350 | 18 | 4.0 | 18 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.0 | 21 | 3.0 | 50 | 99 |
Ip-Cr2000 | 2000 | 330 | 1054 | 410 | 22 | 3.0 | 22 | 4.0 | 18 | 3.0 | 28 | 3.0 | 47 | 99 |
Cr500_cont | 500 | 80 | 252 | 34 | 12 | 3.0 | 10 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.0 | 50 | 98 |
Cr1000_cont | 1000 | 150 | 542 | 112 | 18 | 2.0 | 14 | 2.0 | 15 | 3.0 | 18 | 2.0 | 46 | 98 |
Cr2000_cont | 2000 | 350 | 1132 | 178 | 32 | 3.0 | 33 | 3.0 | 28 | 5.0 | 31 | 6.0 | 43 | 98 |
