Table 3 Comparison of the outcome variables between the two groups before and after the intervention.

From: Development of a behavior change intervention to improve physical activity in patients with COPD using the behavior change wheel: a non-randomized trial

Variables

Group

Baseline (T0)

4 weeks (T1)

8 weeks (T2)

12 weeks (T3)

F1(p)

\({\eta }^{2}\)

F2(p)

\({\eta }^{2}\)

F3(p)

\({\eta }^{2}\)

PA

Exp

1150.02 ± 434.79

1300.40 ± 387.17 a

1350.67 ± 347.34 a

1408.44 ± 361.78 a

4.433

(0.038)

0.048

5.155

(0.003)

0.154

1.886

(0.138)

0.062

Con

1162.50 ± 420.87

1247.45 ± 485.85

1164.20 ± 387.17

1146.32 ± 321.55

      

t

0.138

–0.573

–2.393

–3.610

      

p

0.891

0.568

0.019

0.001

      

SB

Exp

7.24 ± 0.92

6.47 ± 0.83 a

6.22 ± 0.54ab

6.19 ± 0.52 abc

10.714

(0.002)

0.110

23.030

(< 0.001)

0.448

14.817(< 0.001)

0.343

Con

7.23 ± 0.10

7.04 ± 0.96

6.75 ± 0.72

7.03 ± 0.90

      

t

-0.052

2.980

3.872

5.356

      

p

0.959

0.004

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

      

mMRC

Exp

2.44 ± 1.06

2.04 ± 1.15

1.76 ± 0.91 a

1.67 ± 0.91 ac

6.893

(0.010)

0.073

7.899

(< 0.001)

0.83

1.874

(0.138)

0.021

Con

2.61 ± 1.10

2.32 ± 0.98 a

2.34 ± 1.08 a

2.32 ± 1.03

      

t

1.135

1.521

3.430

3.442

      

p

0.259

0.132

0.001

0.001

      

Exercise self-efficacy

Exp

52.96 ± 5.42

55.29 ± 5.43 a

56.31 ± 5.45 a

63.31 ± 8.10 abc

22.282

(< 0.001)

0.204

10.840

(< 0.001)

0.277

17.274

(< 0.001)

0.379

Con

53.16 ± 4.76

54.57 ± 4.26 a

55.25 ± 5.41 a

52.07 ± 4.52 bc

      

t

0.188

-0.703

-0.922

0.359

      

p

0.851

0.484

0.359

 < 0.001

      

CAT

Exp

16.62 ± 2.75

15.04 ± 2.02 a

13.53 ± 1.55 ab

13.20 ± 1.91 ab

29.976

(< 0.001)

0.256

20.336

(< 0.001)

0.418

4.441

(< 0.001)

0.136

Con

17.11 ± 2.79

16.02 ± 2.14 a

16.41 ± 2.18

15.80 ± 1.96 ac

      

t

0.837

2.217

7.188

6.321

      

p

0.405

0.029

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

      

6MWD

Exp

317.91 ± 15.10

327.27 ± 15.04 a

324.47 ± 12.05 ab

336.13 ± 11.98 ab

13.465

(< 0.001)

0.134

14.875

(< 0.001)

0.344

30.545

(< 0.001)

0.519

Con

323.52 ± 14.89

328.18 ± 10.68 a

318.18 ± 110.68 ab

311.48 ± 11.41 abc

      

t

1.765

0.457

–6.743

–9.938

      

p

0.081

0.649

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

      
  1. Significant valuesare in [bold].
  2. Exp , Experimental group; Con, Control group; PA, physical activity; SB, sedentary behavior; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; 6MWD, 6-min walking distance; CAT , COPD Assessment Test; F1,= Group effect; F2, Time effect; F3, Interaction effect.
  3. *P value of the intervention group compared with the control group was calculated by repeated measurement (T1-T3).
  4. aCompared with baseline P < 0.05.
  5. bCompared with 4 weeks after treatment, P < 0.05. c Compared with 8 weeks after treatment, P < 0.05.
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