Table 2 XCT-derived macroporosity, mesoporosity, porosity total number of pores, macropores, and mesopore as influenced by long-term medium fertilizer (MF), high fertilizer (HF), low manure (LM), medium manure (MM), high manure (HM) rate applications, and control (CK) as a function treatment and soil depth.

From: Cattle manure application for 12 and 17 years enhanced depth distribution of soil organic carbon and X-ray computed tomography-derived pore characteristics

 

Total no. of pores

Total no. of macropores

Total no. of mesopores

Porosity (cm3cm−3)

Macroporosity (cm3cm−3)

Mesoporosity (cm3cm−3)

Brookings site

Treatment

 CK

858a†

113a

745a

0.010a

0.007ab

0.003a

 MF

977a

116a

861a

0.009a

0.005b

0.002a

 HF

839a

113a

726a

0.012a

0.008ab

0.002a

 LM

1256a

166a

1089a

0.013a

0.010ab

0.003a

 MM

1421a

168a

1253a

0.017a

0.010a

0.004a

 HM

1111a

152a

978a

0.014a

0.009ab

0.003a

Depth (cm)

 0–10

2411a

299a

2111a

0.020a

0.013a

0.007a

 10–20

941b

125b

815b

0.010b

0.010b

0.002bc

 20–30

528c

61c

466c

0.015b

0.006c

0.002b

 30–40

428c

66c

375c

0.005c

0.003d

0.001c

Analysis of variance (P > F)

Treatments

0.4170

0.4398

0.4017

0.1489

0.0358

0.4757

Depth

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Trt × Depth

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Beresford site

Treatment

 CK

2176b†

190a

1986b

0.020c

0.014b

0.006c

 MF

2609ab

188a

2421ab

0.024bc

0.016ab

0.008bc

 HF

2911a

235a

2676a

0.024bc

0.014b

0.010ab

 LM

2703ab

214a

2488ab

0.028ab

0.019a

0.009abc

 MM

2888a

237a

2652a

0.025bc

0.017ab

0.008abc

 HM

2965a

242a

2723a

0.031a

0.020a

0.011a

Depth (cm)

 0–10

3128a

258a

2869a

0.029a

0.020a

0.010a

 10–20

2836a

230ab

2606a

0.025ab

0.018ab

0.008a

 20–30

2725a

199bc

2525a

0.026ab

0.015bc

0.008a

 30–40

2145b

182c

1963b

0.023b

0.014c

0.008a

Analysis of Variance (P > F)

Treatments

0.0036

0.0318

0.0051

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Depth

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.0035

 < 0.0001

0.2291

Trt × Depth

0.9915

0.9610

0.9810

 < 0.0001

0.0062

0.0037

  1. Mean values within the same column followed by different small letters for each site are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 for treatment.