Figure 3

Improving the greedy routing in a PSO network. The layout of the network at the end of the network generation process according to the PSO model (\(N=1024\), \(m=4\), \(\beta =0.5\), \(T=0.1\)) is shown in panel (a), whereas the modified layout according to the optimisation algorithm is displayed in panel (b). In both panels the node size is proportional to the number of greedy routes prematurely ending at a given node, whereas the node colors indicate the initial angular coordinates. In panel (c) we show the embedding of the same network according to Mercator8, where the colouring of the nodes is adapted to this new starting layout. Panel (d) depicts the result obtained by optimising the layout shown in panel (c).