Table 4 Mediation analyses including direct and indirect effects for A: Inaction-cost Model; B: Inaction-gain Model; and C: Action-gain Model.

From: Examining the impact of perceived psychological distances of quitting and continuing tobacco smoking on antismoking intention: a cross-sectional study

A

 

β

95% CI

 

Direct effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD (H1)

− 0.280 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.336, − 0.224]

Relevance → hypothetical PD (H2b)

0.577 (p < 0.001)

[0.521, 0.634]

Temporal PD → relevance (H2a)

− 0.759 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.779, − 0.738]

hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H3a)

0.535 (p < 0.001)

[0.509, 0.561]

hypothetical PD → planned date of quitting (H3b)

− 0.532 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.559, − 0.505]

hypothetical PD → importance of quitting (H3c)

0.663 (p < 0.001)

[0.631, 0.695]

 

Indirect effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H4a)

− 0.150 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.180, − 0.119]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H4c)

0.149 (p < 0.001)

[0.118, 0.179]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H4b)

− 0.186 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.224, − 0.148]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H5a)

0.309 (p < 0.001)

[0.276, 0.343]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H5c)

− 0.307 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.341, − 0.274]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H5b)

0.383 (p < 0.001)

[0.342, 0.425]

B

  
 

β

95% CI

 

Direct effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD (H1)

− 0.273 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.359, − 0.187]

Relevance → hypothetical PD (H2b)

0.583 (p < 0.001)

[0.493, 0.672]

Temporal PD → relevance (H2a)

− 0.751 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.781, − 0.722]

hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H3a)

− 0.143 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.169, − 0.118]

hypothetical PD → planned date of quitting (H3b)

0.118 (p < 0.001)

[0.093, 0.144]

hypothetical PD → importance of quitting (H3c)

− 0.128 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.154, − 0.102]

 

Indirect effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H4a)

0.039 (p < 0.001)

[0.025, 0.053]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H4c)

− 0.032 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.045, − 0.020]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H4b)

0.035 (p < 0.001)

[0.022, 0.048]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H5a)

− 0.084 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.103, − 0.064]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H5c)

0.069 (p < 0.001)

[0.051, 0.087]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H5b)

− 0.075 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.094, − 0.056]

C

  
 

β

95% CI

 

Direct effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD (H1)

− 0.391 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.418, − 0.363]

Relevance → hypothetical PD (H2b)

0.526 (p < 0.001)

[0.501, 0.551]

Temporal PD → relevance (H2a)

− 0.451 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.471, − 0.431]

hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H3a)

0.565 (p < 0.001)

[0.537, 0.593]

hypothetical PD → planned date of quitting (H3b)

− 0.583 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.613, − 0.554]

hypothetical PD → importance of quitting (H3c)

0.687 (p < 0.001)

[0.652, 0.722]

 

Indirect effects

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H4a)

− 0.221 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.240, − 0.202]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H4c)

0.228 (p < 0.001)

[0.209, 0.247]

Temporal PD → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H4b)

− 0.269 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.291, − 0.246]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → intention to quit (H5a)

0.297 (p < 0.001)

[0.277, 0.317]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → planned date of quit (H5c)

− 0.307 (p < 0.001)

[− 0.328, − 0.286]

Relevance → hypothetical PD → importance of quit (H5b)

0.361 (p < 0.001)

[0.337, 0.386]

  1. Bootstrapped confidence intervals were based on 5,000 replications and were estimated with diagonally weighted least squares. β = standardized regression weights, 95% CI bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals.
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