Figure 1

Timeline of disease states and environmental risk factors. \(E\),\(I\),\(C\), \(R\) and \(D\) represent the disease states such as exposed, symptom onset (or the end of incubation period), case confirmation, recovered and reported deaths, respectively. Number of deaths were assumed a subset of infected cases who were reported previous days. Hence, a retrospective adjustment of time was made for estimating deaths who were reported as positive cases at time \(t\) using non-parametric back-projection method. These estimated deaths were labeled as \(D^{\prime}\), and therefore \({D}^{\prime}\subset C\) for each day. Thus, the iCFR is estimated as the ratio of \(D^{\prime}\) and \(C\).