Table 1 C3-epi-25(OH)D3 measured level and its proportion in total 25(OH)D3 metabolites {Upper row: Median; Middle row: (P25, P75); lower row: [min, max]}.

From: C3-epi-25(OH)D3 percentage, not level, may be a potential biomarker to reflect its pathological increase in multiple diseases: a cross-sectional case–control study

Factor

n

25(OH)D3 (ng/ml)

C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (ng/ml)

%C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (%)

Healthy controls

3086

25.9

(22.7, 30.5)

[20.0, 58.0]

1.07

(0.74, 1.50)

[< 0.40, 4.05]

3.89

(2.70, 5.37)

[0.07, 8.25]

Obstetric diseases

214

17.0*

(12.8, 22.9)

[6.2, 43.3]

0.87*

(0.62, 1.35)

[< 0.40, 6.01]

5.02*

(3.41, 6.75)

[0.71, 23.02]

Gynecological diseases

287

16.9*

(13.1, 23.4)

[5.9, 49.8]

0.80*

(0.53, 1.15)

[< 0.40, 3.32]

4.31*

(3.05, 5.80)

[0.60, 21.70]

Skeletal diseases

1782

16.7*

(11.8, 22.5)

[2.2, 52.0]

0.78*

(0.51, 1.21)

[< 0.40, 7.92]

4.60*

(3.21, 6.34)

[0.13, 27.86]

Respiratory diseases

95

16.1*

(11.1, 21.9)

[4.3, 44.1]

0.85*

(0.53, 1.27)

[< 0.40, 2.71]

5.06*

(3.57, 7.57)

[0.36, 17.02]

Muscular diseases

317

15.5*

(12.2, 20.9)

[3.3, 51.8]

0.71*

(0.46, 1.12)

[< 0.40, 3.22]

4.39*

(2.93, 6.23)

[0.77, 15.38]

Endocrine diseases

703

15.9*

(11.6, 21.5)

[2.2, 52.5]

0.75*

(0.46, 1.18)

[< 0.40, 4.59]

4.61*

(2.97, 6.37)

[0.89, 21.70]

Skin diseases

59

14.3*

(10.7, 20.6)

[6.0, 32.2]

0.78*

(0.42, 1.19)

[< 0.40, 3.49]

5.02

(2.73, 7.59)

[0.83, 26.56]

Neurological disorders

111

14.7*

(10.6, 19.7)

[4.2, 37.3]

0.73*

(0.47, 1.01)

[< 0.40, 3.14]

4.73

(2.99, 6.20)

[0.65, 15.38]

Digestive diseases

66

15.4*

(11.0, 20.9)

[5.9, 34.6]

0.82

(0.57, 1.18)

[0.13, 5.66]

4.94

(3.67, 6.81)

[1.23, 16.01]

Cardiovascular disease

146

15.7*

(12.2, 22.4)

[3.9, 56.0]

0.77*

(0.48, 1.10)

[< 0.40, 3.51]

4.72*

(3.14, 6.01)

[0.80, 25.30]

Autoimmune diseases

340

15.7*

(11.0, 20.5)

[2.2, 46.9]

0.76*

(0.45, 1.23)

[< 0.40, 4.20]

4.73*

(3.10, 6.34)

[0.36, 18.00]

χ2, P

 

2649.543, < 0.001

502.776, < 0.001

206.887, < 0.001

  1. *Padj < 0.05. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Post-Hoc multiple comparisons was used for multiple groups comparison and pairwise comparison, respectively. The results suggest that the decrease of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels in disease states showed a strong correspondence with the decrease of 25(OH)D3 levels, while the relative increase in %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 may be effectively demonstrate the percentage increase in C3-epi-25(OH)D3 generation.