Table 4 SRR (95% CI) of the risk of subsequent cancers in patients exposed to group I pharmaceuticals by study design.

From: Group I pharmaceuticals of IARC and associated cancer risks: systematic review and meta-analysis

Group I pharmaceuticals

Cancer outcome

Study design

Study N

SRR (95% CI)

Cyclosporine

Skin

Cohort

1020,21,22,24,26,27,28,29,30,31

1.23 (1.00–1.51)H

Case–control

323,25,32

2.03 (0.79–5.23)H

Hematologic

Cohort

520,33,34,36,37

0.94 (0.83–1.07)L

Case–control

135

0.90 (0.20–5.80)

Azathioprine

Skin

Cohort

921,22,24,27,28,29,31,38,40

1.32 (1.11–1.58)L

Case–control

423,25,39,41

2.61 (1.35–5.05)H

Hematologic

Cohort

1033,34,36,37,38,42,44,45,46,47

1.53 (1.10–2.12)H

Case–control

235,43

1.30 (0.61–2.78)L

Cyclophosphamide

Bladder

Case–control

348,49,50

2.87 (1.32–6.23)I

Hematologic

Cohort

144

2.09 (0.69–6.30)

Case–control

643,50,51,52,53,54

2.50 (1.61–3.90)I

Busulfan

Hematologic

Cohort

156

8.64 (2.44–30.60)

RCT

155

4.48 (1.11–27.10)

Chlorambucil

Hematologic

Case–control

252,54

1.32 (0.81–2.16)L

Methoxsalen + UV

Skin

Case–control

157

6.50 (1.40–31.40)

Melphalan

Hematologic

Case–control

351,52,58

4.43 (1.30–15.15)H

MOPP

Lung

Case–control

159

5.00 (2.10–13.60)

Etoposide

Hematologic

Case–control

160

2.70 (1.20–6.00)

Thiotepa

Hematologic

Case–control

152

1.82 (1.09–3.03)

  1. Study N study number, SRR summary relative risk, CI confidence interval, UV ultraviolet, MOPP mustargen-oncovin-procarbazine-prednisone mixture, RCT randomized controlled trial, L low heterogeneity (I2 < 34), I intermediate heterogeneity (34 ≤ I2 < 67), H high heterogeneity (67 ≤ I2).
  2. Significant values are in [bold].