Table 1 Assessment indicator system and weights for the urbanization and ecological environment system.

From: Research on the synergistic effects of urbanization and ecological environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration based on the Haken model

System

Subsystem

Primary indicator

Secondary indicator

Unit

Attribute

AHP method weights

Entropy method weights

Composite weights

Urbanization and ecological environment system

Urbanization system (UR)

Population urbanization

Permanent population urbanization rate

%

 + 

0.1564

0.0775

0.1162

Proportion of employees in the secondary and tertiary industries

%

 + 

0.0777

0.0656

0.0756

Spatial urbanization

Urban quantity density

Individual/hundred km2

 + 

0.0441

0.0582

0.053

Urban area density

%

 + 

0.1293

0.0829

0.1096

Transportation network density

km/ten thousand km2

 + 

0.0646

0.0858

0.0788

Economic urbanization

Per capita GDP

Yuan

 + 

0.1128

0.0936

0.1083

The proportion of value added from the secondary and tertiary industries to GDP

%

 + 

0.0757

0.0179

0.039

Per capita social fixed asset investment

Yuan

 + 

0.0369

0.1257

0.071

Per capita industrial output value

Yuan

 + 

0.0552

0.1302

0.0889

Social urbanization

Per capita total retail sales of consumer goods

Yuan

 + 

0.0323

0.0719

0.051

Per capita disposable income of urban residents

Yuan

 + 

0.0771

0.0442

0.0617

Engel coefficient of urban residents

%

−

0.0221

0.0083

0.0143

Number of cultural and artistic professionals per ten thousand people

People/ten thousand people

 + 

0.044

0.0611

0.0548

Number of medical and technical personnel per ten thousand people

People/ten thousand people

 + 

0.0393

0.0351

0.0393

Number of hospital beds per ten thousand people

Sheet/ten thousand people

 + 

0.0325

0.042

0.0385

Ecological environment system (EG)

Ecological pressure

Average industrial wastewater discharge per unit of land area

Ton/km2

−

0.0929

0.1599

0.1307

Average industrial gas emissions per unit of land area

Ten thousand cubic meters/km2

−

0.0302

0.0472

0.0405

Average industrial solid waste generation per unit of land area

Ton/km2

−

0.1176

0.0344

0.0679

Energy consumption per unit of GDP

Ton of standard coal/ten thousand yuan

−

0.0588

0.0258

0.0417

Ecological conditions

Per capita water resources

m3

 + 

0.0494

0.0533

0.0538

Per capita arable land area

hm2

 + 

0.0619

0.0426

0.0546

Forest coverage rate

%

 + 

0.0991

0.047

0.0732

Green coverage rate in built-up areas

%

 + 

0.0343

0.0153

0.0242

Per capita park green space area in urban areas

m2

 + 

0.1123

0.0642

0.0911

Ecological response

Urban domestic wastewater treatment rate

%

 + 

0.0518

0.1055

0.0784

Urban domestic waste harmless treatment rate

%

 + 

0.0398

0.05

0.0478

Industrial wastewater treatment compliance rate

%

 + 

0.0591

0.0206

0.0374

Industrial exhaust gas removal rate

%

 + 

0.0734

0.0451

0.0617

Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste

%

 + 

0.0271

0.0393

0.035

Proportion of environmental governance investment to GDP

%

 + 

0.0923

0.2498

0.162

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