Table 1 Baseline estimates.

From: Impact of battery electric vehicle usage on air quality in three Chinese first-tier cities

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

lnAQI

lnAQI

lnPM2.5

lnPM10

lnCO

lnSO2

lnNO2

lnO3

BEVtrips

− 0.0007***

− 0.0011***

− 0.0005***

− 0.0002

− 0.0007***

− 0.0014***

0.0025***

− 0.0063***

(0.0002)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0002)

lngdp

 

3.7261***

2.4949***

4.8514***

0.1419***

4.4983***

0.6094***

8.5795***

 

(0.0199)

(0.0268)

(0.0187)

(0.0126)

(0.0137)

(0.0096)

(0.0194)

Industry

 

7.6482***

4.8892***

12.8716***

-2.4121***

8.8990***

− 5.1767***

19.1043***

 

(0.0571)

(0.0713)

(0.0629)

(0.0283)

(0.0366)

(0.0267)

(0.0420)

lnpopula

 

− 0.0817***

− 0.2044***

0.4304***

0.2349***

0.5667***

− 0.0268***

0.1800***

 

(0.0052)

(0.0066)

(0.0059)

(0.0026)

(0.0035)

(0.0024)

(0.0057)

Govern

 

0.2019***

0.1991***

0.2627***

− 0.0136***

0.1677***

0.0161***

0.2973***

 

(0.0006)

(0.0009)

(0.0007)

(0.0003)

(0.0003)

(0.0005)

(0.0007)

lntemp

 

0.0276***

0.0177***

0.0517***

− 0.0912***

− 0.1274***

− 0.0327***

0.1622***

 

(0.0003)

(0.0004)

(0.0003)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0005)

lnhumi

 

− 1.0840***

− 1.0594***

− 1.4243***

0.0418***

− 1.0669***

0.1149***

− 1.6298***

 

(0.0023)

(0.0029)

(0.0023)

(0.0010)

(0.0012)

(0.0010)

(0.0026)

lnprecip

 

− 0.0336***

− 0.0680***

− 0.0302***

− 0.0037***

− 0.0165***

− 0.0391***

− 0.0360***

 

(0.0002)

(0.0003)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0003)

(0.0002)

(0.0004)

lnsun

 

− 0.3120***

− 0.4206***

− 0.2201***

− 0.0500***

− 0.0477***

− 0.0708***

− 0.0964***

 

(0.0008)

(0.0008)

(0.0010)

(0.0007)

(0.0015)

(0.0006)

(0.0010)

lnwind

 

− 0.8004***

− 1.0176***

− 0.8406***

− 0.5517***

− 0.3023***

− 0.3665***

− 1.4846***

 

(0.0018)

(0.0023)

(0.0016)

(0.0013)

(0.0018)

(0.0008)

(0.0029)

cons

4.3315***

− 23.4060***

− 10.6200***

− 37.5529***

− 1.8889***

− 39.4803***

0.0840

− 70.2107***

(0.0012)

(0.1980)

(0.2617)

(0.1941)

(0.1106)

(0.1203)

(0.0948)

(0.1819)

Month

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

City

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

1,826,095

R2

0.5668

0.7880

0.8201

0.8548

0.9069

0.8904

0.9012

0.8466

  1. Note: The independent variable, BEVtrips, represents the natural logarithm of the monthly travel frequency of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The unit-of-analysis is at the BEV-month level. Columns (1) and (2) detail the relationship between BEV monthly travel frequency and the Air Quality Index (AQI). Columns (3) through (8) explore the relationship between BEV monthly travel frequency with individual air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2 and O3, respectively. Both month and city fixed effects are controlled in all regressions. The control variables are not included for the regression in Column (1) and are included in the regressions in Columns (2)–(8). Robust standard errors are shown in parentheses. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.
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