Table 2 Heterogeneity analysis: private BEVs.

From: Impact of battery electric vehicle usage on air quality in three Chinese first-tier cities

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

lnAQI

lnPM2.5

lnPM10

lnCO

lnSO2

lnNO2

lnO3

BEVtrips

− 0.0007***

− 0.0005***

− 0.0005***

− 0.0006***

− 0.0005***

0.0011***

− 0.0024***

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0000)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

lngdp

2.2396***

0.2369***

4.0528***

− 0.3066***

4.2063***

0.1497***

9.1053***

(0.0225)

(0.0289)

(0.0299)

(0.0142)

(0.0181)

(0.0175)

(0.0308)

Industry

1.4338***

− 2.6928***

6.4481***

− 4.6206***

7.8732***

− 6.5059***

17.0918***

(0.0714)

(0.0745)

(0.0949)

(0.0330)

(0.0554)

(0.0470)

(0.0928)

lnpopula

− 0.8295***

− 1.1389***

− 0.4523***

0.0691***

0.5647***

− 0.1673***

− 0.4481***

(0.0172)

(0.0218)

(0.0176)

(0.0090)

(0.0120)

(0.0087)

(0.0244)

Govern

0.1275***

0.0710***

0.2129***

− 0.0377***

0.1805***

− 0.0237***

0.3887***

(0.0010)

(0.0015)

(0.0010)

(0.0005)

(0.0005)

(0.0009)

(0.0014)

lntemp

− 0.0004

0.0068***

− 0.0244***

− 0.1096***

− 0.1258***

− 0.0294***

0.0413***

(0.0006)

(0.0006)

(0.0009)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0015)

lnhumi

− 0.8202***

− 0.5984***

− 1.2309***

0.0114***

− 1.0238***

0.0418***

− 1.5934***

(0.0054)

(0.0069)

(0.0065)

(0.0020)

(0.0022)

(0.0021)

(0.0053)

lnprecip

0.0297***

− 0.0121***

0.0319***

0.0340***

0.0228***

− 0.0493***

0.0690***

(0.0007)

(0.0008)

(0.0007)

(0.0005)

(0.0004)

(0.0003)

(0.0014)

lnsun

− 0.1772***

− 0.3094***

− 0.0380***

0.0257***

0.1617***

− 0.1250***

− 0.0295***

(0.0017)

(0.0021)

(0.0022)

(0.0010)

(0.0014)

(0.0009)

(0.0021)

lnwind

− 0.6822***

− 0.7914***

− 0.7085***

− 0.7247***

− 0.5723***

− 0.4304***

− 1.3031***

(0.0030)

(0.0039)

(0.0039)

(0.0019)

(0.0023)

(0.0011)

(0.0037)

cons

− 5.3942***

15.1315***

− 24.4810***

3.5309***

− 37.5438***

5.8214***

− 70.5363***

(0.2744)

(0.3442)

(0.3419)

(0.1451)

(0.1869)

(0.1798)

(0.3375)

Month

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

City

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

1,369,978

1,369,978

1,369,978

1,369,978

1,369,978

1,369,978

1,369,978

R2

0.8609

0.8868

0.9119

0.9568

0.9592

0.9529

0.9483

  1. Note: The independent variable, BEVtrips, represents the natural logarithm of the monthly travel frequency of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The unit-of-analysis is at the BEV-month level. Column (1) details the relationship between private BEV monthly travel frequency and the Air Quality Index (AQI). Columns (2) through (7) explore the relationship between private BEV monthly travel frequency with individual air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2 and O3, respectively. All regressions account for both month and city fixed effects, and incorporate control variables to ensure robustness and accuracy in capturing the true impact of private BEV travel frequency on air quality. Robust standard errors are shown in parentheses. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.
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