Table 3 Uni- and multivariate predictors of outcomes based on CMR derived myocardial strain.

Korosoglou et al. 2011¹⁸

– Visual SENC analysis (strain defect present or absent)

– Strain reserve cut-off value = 0.94

– Strain rate reserve cut-off value = 1.75

Visual SENC, strain reserve and strain rate reserve enable diagnostic of anatomically relevant CAD and predict MACE (p < 0.001 for all)

– Visual SENC outperforms wall WMA for the prediction of outcomes

– Visual and quantitative strain (strain rate reserve) provides incremental value to WMA for MACE prediction

Choi et al. 2013²²

– Mid- and global Ecc

– Mid Ecc < − 16.9%

Both Ecc_global and Ecc_mid predict HF (p < 0.001 for both)

– Adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension LV mass index, ejection fraction, interim myocardial infarction and end systolic wall stress Ecc_global and Ecc_mid both predicted HF (p_global = 0.047 and p_mid = 0.015)

– In second multivariable model without diabetes, LV ejection fraction and end systolic wall stress both Ecc_global and Ecc_mid remain statistically significant (p_global = 0.045 and p_mid = 0.007)

Sharma et al. 2014²³

– LV Dyssynchrony based on SDTPEcc as a predictor for MACE

Cut-off = 75th percentile of SD-TPS

Separate analysis conducted by genders is provided

In women SDTPEcc predicted MI, HF, stroke, and death (p < 0.001), hard coronary events including MI, resuscitated cardiac arrest and CAD related death (p = 0.008), all-cause CAD (p = 0.002) and stroke or transient ischemic attack (p = 0.002). In men the results were not statistically significant

When adjusted for multiple parameters, SDTPEcc in women predicted MI, HF, stroke, and death (p = 0.015), hard coronary events including MI, resuscitated cardiac arrest and CAD related death (p = 0.026), stroke or transient ischemic attack (p = 0.013) but not all-cause CAD (p = 0.108). In men the results were not statistically significant

Venkatesh et al. 2014²⁴

– The logarithm (Log) of SRI and EDSR

Log(SRI) tertiles used as cut-off values

Log(SRI) was statistically significant for the prediction of HF and/or atrial fibrillation (AF) (p < 0.001). No further report is applicable due to lack of p-values in the results

No further report is applicable due to lack of p-values in the results

Mordi et al. 2015²⁵

– Ecc_global (three groups based on two cut-offs values = − 11.21% and − 15.0%

Ecc_global predicted MACE (p < 0.001)

Ecc_global predicted MACE (p = 0.041) in whole population sample as well as in patients (N = 90) with cardiomyopathy or prior MI (p = 0.007)

Korosoglou et al. 2021¹⁹

– Normal myocardium based on percentage of segments with Ecc and longitudinal strain with a cut-off value of < − 17%

Prediction of hospitalization due to HF congestion and all-cause mortality in stage A and B HF patients with normal myocardium < 80% (p = 0.03) as well as of transition to incident HF (p < 0.001)

Not available

Steen et al. 2021²⁰

Quantitative SAS (cut-off value = 6.5%)

Statistically significant for the primary endpoint with (p = 0.002)

Not available

Pezel et al. 2022²⁶

Endo-, epi-, mid- and intramyocardial score of Ecc < 50% (based on − 10% and − 17% as cut-off values)

Strain from all segments (mid-, epi- and intra- p < 0.001 and endo p = 0.13) predicted HF incidence, as well as was congestive HF, MI, aborted sudden cardiac death and death due to CAD (p < 0.001 for all)

The epi-, mid- and intramyocardial score (p_endo = 0.56, p_mid = 0.004, p_epi < 0.001, p_intra < 0.001) predicted HF incidence, as well as of congestive HF, MI, aborted sudden cardiac death and death due to CAD by all layers (p_endo = 0.04, p_mid < 0.001, p_epi < 0.001, p_intra < 0.001) after adjustment of cardiovascular risk factors

After further adjustment for heart-related medications the p-value remained statistically significant for all layers (p < 0.001)