Table 5 Correlation analysis between reliability, quality, and readability scores of ChatGPT-4 responses.

	mDISCERN	GQS	FRE	FKGL	GFI	CLI	SMOG
mDISCERN	N/A	p = 0.032*	p = 0.708	p = 0.968	p = 0.737	p = 0.517	p = 0.535
mDISCERN	N/A	r = 0.491	r = 0.092	r = − 0.010	r = 0.082	r = − 0.158	r = 0.152
GQS	p = 0.032*	N/A	p = 0.833	p = 0.246	p = 0.191	p = 0.389	p = 0.129
GQS	r = 0.491	N/A	r = − 0.052	r = − 0.280	r = − 0.314	r = 0.209	r = − 0.361
FRE	p = 0.708	p = 0.833		p = 0.001*	p = 0.046*	p < 0.001*	p = 0.039*
FRE	r = 0.092	r = − 0.052	N/A	r = − 0.696	r = − 0.464	r = − 0.789	r = − 0.477
FKGL	p = 0.968	p = 0.246	p = 0.001*	N/A	p < 0.001*	p = 0.044*	p < 0.001*
FKGL	r = − 0.010	r = − 0.280	r = − 0.696	N/A	r = 0.947	r = 0.467	r = 0.916
GFI	p = 0.737	p = 0.191	p = 0.046*	p < 0.001*	N/A	p = 0.253	p < 0.001*
GFI	r = 0.082	r = -0.314	r = − 0.464	r = 0.947	N/A	r = 0.276	r = 0.971
CLI	p = 0.517	p = 0.389	p < 0.001*	p = 0.044*	p = 0.253	N/A	p = 0.480
CLI	r = − 0.158	r = 0.209	r = − 0.789	r = 0.467	r = 0.276	N/A	r = 0.173
SMOG	p = 0.535	p = 0.129	p = 0.039*	p < 0.001*	p < 0.001*	p = 0.480	N/A
SMOG	r = 0.152	r = − 0.361	r = − 0.477	r = 0.916	r = 0.971	r = 0.173	N/A

mDISCERN Modified DISCERN, GQS Global quality score, FRE Flesch Reading Ease Score, FKGL Flesch-Kincaid grade level, SMOG Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, GFI Gunning FOG Index, CLI Coleman-Liau Index, N/A Not applicable. The correlation between the data was evaluated with Pearson correlation test for parametric variables and Spearman correlation test for non-parametric variables. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and marked with * and bolded in the table.

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