Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to centile of the total cholesterol.
1st–5th (≤ 97 mg/dL) (N = 3012) | 6th–20th (97–128 mg/dL) (N = 9217) | 21st–40th (129–151 mg/dL) (N = 12,006) | 41st–60th (152–171 mg/dL) (N = 11,467) | 61st–80th (172–196 mg/dL) (N = 11,903) | 81st–95th (197–233 mg/dL) (N = 8690) | 96th–100th (> 233 mg/dL) (N = 2922) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 63.0 ± 11.7 | 61.0 ± 12.1 | 59.4 ± 12.4 | 57.9 ± 12.1 | 56.9 ± 11.8 | 56.5 ± 10.9 | 56.1 ± 10.6 |
Sex | |||||||
Female | 628 (20.8%) | 2670 (29.0%) | 4549 (37.9%) | 5171 (45.1%) | 6137 (51.6%) | 4951 (57.0%) | 1842 (63.0%) |
Male | 2384 (79.2%) | 6547 (71.0%) | 7457 (62.1%) | 6296 (54.9%) | 5766 (48.4%) | 3739 (43.0%) | 1080 (37.0%) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 23.7 ± 3.2 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 5.2 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 24.4 ± 3.1 |
Serum creatinine | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.4 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 120.0 ± 49.4 | 116.2 ± 41.4 | 112.8 ± 37.1 | 110.1 ± 32.3 | 108.9 ± 32.1 | 108.2 ± 29.5 | 111.9 ± 36.7 |
ALT, U/L | 31.5 ± 58.2 | 27.8 ± 46.0 | 25.5 ± 38.8 | 24.6 ± 36.5 | 24.7 ± 38.3 | 26.4 ± 50.4 | 39.4 ± 79.1 |
AST, U/L | 33.2 ± 67.4 | 27.9 ± 34.9 | 25.8 ± 32.5 | 24.6 ± 26.9 | 24.7 ± 29.9 | 25.4 ± 33.3 | 35.2 ± 56.5 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 87.7 ± 18.8 | 89.9 ± 18.2 | 91.6 ± 17.1 | 93.3 ± 16.2 | 94.5 ± 15.4 | 94.3 ± 14.5 | 95.2 ± 15.1 |
Presence of CKD | |||||||
No | 2763 (91.7%) | 8623 (93.6%) | 11,425 (95.2%) | 11,050 (96.4%) | 11,569 (97.2%) | 8493 (97.7%) | 2854 (97.7%) |
Yes | 249 (8.3%) | 594 (6.4%) | 581 (4.8%) | 417 (3.6%) | 334 (2.8%) | 197 (2.3%) | 68 (2.3%) |
Presence of DM | |||||||
No | 1912 (63.5%) | 6150 (66.7%) | 8791 (73.2%) | 9006 (78.5%) | 9694 (81.4%) | 7273 (83.7%) | 2387 (81.7%) |
Yes | 1100 (36.5%) | 3067 (33.3%) | 3215 (26.8%) | 2461 (21.5%) | 2209 (18.6%) | 1417 (16.3%) | 535 (18.3%) |
Presence of hypertension | |||||||
No | 708 (23.5%) | 2621 (28.4%) | 3946 (32.9%) | 4237 (36.9%) | 4821 (40.5%) | 3554 (40.9%) | 1161 (39.7%) |
Yes | 2304 (76.5%) | 6596 (71.6%) | 8060 (67.1%) | 7230 (63.1%) | 7082 (59.5%) | 5136 (59.1%) | 1761 (60.3%) |
History of using lipid-lowering agents | |||||||
No | 2323 (77.1%) | 6976 (75.7%) | 9841 (82.0%) | 10,030 (87.5%) | 10,867 (91.3%) | 8044 (92.6%) | 2580 (88.3%) |
Yes | 689 (22.9%) | 2241 (24.3%) | 2165 (18.0%) | 1437 (12.5%) | 1036 (8.7%) | 646 (7.4%) | 342 (11.7%) |
Smoking status | |||||||
Never | 1482 (49.2%) | 4860 (52.7%) | 7009 (58.4%) | 7127 (62.2%) | 7846 (65.9%) | 5915 (68.1%) | 2115 (72.4%) |
Ever | 813 (27.0%) | 2333 (25.3%) | 2651 (22.1%) | 2188 (19.1%) | 1979 (16.6%) | 1320 (15.2%) | 333 (11.4%) |
Current | 717 (23.8%) | 2024 (22.0%) | 2346 (19.5%) | 2152 (18.8%) | 2078 (17.5%) | 1455 (16.7%) | 474 (16.2%) |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||
Never | 1300 (43.2%) | 4402 (47.8%) | 6283 (52.3%) | 6288 (54.8%) | 6889 (57.9%) | 5168 (59.5%) | 1805 (61.8%) |
Ever | 922 (30.6%) | 2529 (27.4%) | 2903 (24.2%) | 2540 (22.2%) | 2284 (19.2%) | 1598 (18.4%) | 434 (14.9%) |
Current | 790 (26.2%) | 2286 (24.8%) | 2820 (23.5%) | 2639 (23.0%) | 2730 (22.9%) | 1924 (22.1%) | 683 (23.4%) |
Cancer types | |||||||
Gastrointestinal | 1362 (45.2%) | 4745 (51.5%) | 5769 (48.1%) | 4826 (42.1%) | 4656 (39.1%) | 3046 (35.1%) | 872 (29.8%) |
Urology | 253 (8.4%) | 272 (3.0%) | 446 (3.7%) | 474 (4.1%) | 532 (4.5%) | 429 (4.9%) | 123 (4.2%) |
Gynecology | 8 (0.3%) | 34 (0.4%) | 45 (0.4%) | 61 (0.5%) | 96 (0.8%) | 88 (1.0%) | 29 (1.0%) |
Breast | 21 (0.7%) | 303 (3.3%) | 974 (8.1%) | 1633 (14.2%) | 2327 (19.5%) | 2217 (25.5%) | 932 (31.9%) |
Hepato-pancreatobiliary | 772 (25.6%) | 1532 (16.6%) | 1319 (11.0%) | 904 (7.9%) | 737 (6.2%) | 439 (5.1%) | 292 (10.0%) |
Lung | 290 (9.6%) | 1768 (19.2%) | 2586 (21.5%) | 2486 (21.7%) | 2258 (19.0%) | 1434 (16.5%) | 319 (10.9%) |
Thyroid | 16 (0.5%) | 118 (1.3%) | 317 (2.6%) | 494 (4.3%) | 649 (5.5%) | 542 (6.2%) | 195 (6.7%) |
Others | 290 (9.6%) | 445 (4.8%) | 550 (4.6%) | 589 (5.1%) | 648 (5.4%) | 495 (5.7%) | 160 (5.5%) |
