Table 1 The baseline characteristics of participants.

From: Serum calcium is associated with sudden cardiac arrest in stroke patients from ICU: a multicenter retrospective study based on the eICU collaborative research database

Serum calcium (mg/dL)

T1 (< 8.5)

N = 3086

T2 (8.6–9.1)

N = 3721

T3 (> 9.2)

N = 3616

P-value

Age (year)

66.25 ± 15.03

67.47 ± 14.74

67.36 ± 14.74

0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

26.7 (33.07, 31.4)

27.27 (23.30, 32.04)

27.45 (23.66, 31.98)

0.573

Sex

 < 0.001

 Male, n (%)

1697 (55.01%)

1988 (53.43%)

1724 (47.68%)

 

 Female, n (%)

1388 (44.99%)

1733 (46.57%)

1892 (52.32%)

 

Ethnicity

 < 0.001

 African–American, n (%)

307 (10.00%)

433 (11.70%)

579 (16.10%)

 

 Asian, n (%)

65 (2.12%)

96 (2.59%)

74 (2.06%)

 

 Caucasian, n (%)

2274 (74.07%)

2750 (74.28%)

2643 (73.48%)

 

 Hispanic, n (%)

219 (7.13%)

179 (4.84%)

115 (3.20%)

 

 Native American, n (%)

25 (0.81%)

14 (0.38%)

8 (0.22%)

 

 Unknown, n (%)

180 (5.86%)

230 (6.21%)

178 (4.95%)

 

AF, n (%)

415 (13.45%)

466 (12.52%)

382 (10.56%)

0.001

ACS, n (%)

171 (5.54%)

143 (3.84%)

130 (3.60%)

 < 0.001

CHF, n (%)

202 (6.55%)

169 (4.54%)

145 (4.01%)

 < 0.001

COPD, n (%)

149 (4.83%)

164 (4.41%)

119 (3.29%)

0.007

Diabetes, n (%)

410 (13.75%)

497 (13.36%)

431 (12.23%)

0.162

Hypertension, n (%)

922 (29.88%)

1239 (33.30%)

1137 (31.44%)

 < 0.001

Cancer, n (%)

35 (1.13%)

28 (0.75%)

26 (0.72%)

0.129

Type of stroke

0.399

 Hemorrhagic stroke, n (%)

988 (47.52%)

1163 (46.91%)

1148 (47.11%)

 

 Ischemic stroke, n (%)

1075 (51.71%)

1282 (51.71%)

1258 (51.62%)

 

 Others

16 (0.77%)

34 (1.37%)

31 (1.27%)

 

Hb (g/L)

11.64 ± 2.37

12.88 ± 2.14

13.55 ± 2.06

 < 0.001

PC (× 109/L)

212.84 ± 88.35

226.09 ± 82.75

239.43 ± 90.05

 < 0.001

BUN (mmol/L)

5.67 ± 3.04

5.34 ± 2.70

6.05 ± 3.08

0.254

Scr (mg/dL)

1.41 ± 1.52

1.18 ± 1.13

1.25 ± 1.21

 < 0.001

Ionized calcium (mg/dL)

3.40 ± 1.63

3.88 ± 1.51

4.07 ± 1.50

 < 0.001

Serum calcium (mg/dL)

7.95 ± 0.76

8.86 ± 0.17

9.60 ± 0.45

 < 0.001

ACSC (mg/dL)

8.71 ± 0.73

9.62 ± 0.16

10.36 ± 0.48

 < 0.001

Mg (mmol/L)

1.88 ± 0.39

1.91 ± 0.31

1.92 ± 0.34

 < 0.001

GCS, median (Q1, Q3)

14.00 (10.00–15.00)

15.00 (11.25–15.00)

14.00 (11.00–15.00)

0.3275

Cardiac arrest

106 (3.43%)

44 (1.18%)

51 (1.41%)

 < 0.001

Hospital mortality

547 (17.94%)

468 (12.75%)

415 (11.63%)

 < 0.001

Hospital stay (day)

6.22 (3.26–12.16)

5.10 (2.92–9.59)

4.79 (2.75–8.57)

 < 0.001

ICU mortality

321 (10.40%)

249 (6.69%)

229 (6.33%)

 < 0.001

ICU stay (day)

2.38 (1.22–5.58)

1.96 (1.10–3.90)

1.90 (1.07–3.65)

 < 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are summarized as mean (SD) or median (quartile interval); categorical variables are presented as percentages (%).
  2. BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, RBC red blood cell, Hb hemoglobin, ACS acute coronary syndrome, AF atrial fibrillation, CHF congestive heart-failure, AMI acute myocardial infarction, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, PC platelet count, ACSC albumin-corrected serum calcium.
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