Table 2 In vitro feeding of Hyalomma immature stages.

From: In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks

 

Immature stages

H. dromedarii

H. excavatum

H. scupense

Attachment rate (%)

Larvae

313/708 (44.2%)

129/183 (70.5%)

113/122 (92.6%)

Nymphs

129/143 (90.2%)

34/51 (66.7%)

30/68 (44.1%)

Engorgement rate (%)

Larvae

303/708 (42.8%)

104/183 (56.8%)

68/122 (55.7%)

Nymphs

68/143 (47.6%)

21/51 (41.2%)

25/68 (36.8%)

Mean feeding duration (days ± SD, [range])

Larvae

6.2 ± 1.7 [4–9]

9.3 ± 2.5 [6–13]*

16.5 ± 3.5 [14–19]*

Nymphs

10.3 ± 2 [7–16]

7.9 ± 1 [7–13]

9.6 ± 2.6 [4–14]

Average detachment weight (mg ± SD, [range])

Larvae

NA

NA

NA

Nymphs

12.7 ± 3.1 [6.1–19.9]

10.4 ± 2.8 [5–18.3]

13.4 ± 3.6 [6–19]

Molting rate (%)

Larvae

216/303 (71.3%)

94/104 (90.4%)

68/68 (100%)

Nymphs

54/68 (79.4%)

13/21 (61.9%)

24/25 (96%)

Molting duration (days ± SD, [range])

Larvae

14.6 ± 2.6 [11–18]

–

–

Nymphs

29.7 ± 7.5 [15–63]

17.9 ± 1.9 [15–20]

34.8 ± 6.1 [23–49]

  1. *H. excavatum and H. scupense engorged larvae molt to nymphs while attached to the membrane, so the feeding and molting durations were given together.
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