Table 12 The best design obtained by different algorithms on the 25-bar truss structure using continuous variables.

From: Enhancing engineering optimization using hybrid sine cosine algorithm with Roulette wheel selection and opposition-based learning

Variables (in2)

nSCA (This study)

STA 68

TLBO 58

IRO 66

MSPSO 64

PSO 64

HSPSO 65

ACO 67

Group 1

0.010003

0.0102

0.0100

0.0112

0.01

0.01

0.010

0.01

Group 2

1.985021

1.9866

1.9878

1.9766

1.9848

1.9503

1.970

2.0000

Group 3

2.996736

2.9943

2.9914

3.0099

2.9956

3.0408

3.016

2.966

Group 4

0.010000

0.01

0.0102

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Group 5

0.010001

0.01

0.0100

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.012

Group 6

0.683104

0.6835

0.6825

0.6842

0.6852

0.6929

0.694

0.689

Group 7

1.677167

1.677

1.6775

1.6783

1.6778

1.6866

1.681

1.679

Group 8

2.662307

2.6626

2.6640

2.6571

2.6599

2.6362

2.643

2.668

Optimal weight (lb)

545.1630

545.175

545.175

545.19

545.172

545.22

545.19

545.53

Mean weight (lb)

545.3234

552.43

545.483

545.35

546.03

549.96

N/A

546.34

SD

0.1820

14.08

0.306

N/A

0.8

9.91

N/A

0.94

NFEmax

12,500

12,000

N/A

15,000

25,000

25,000

150,000

16,500

Best NFE

10,350

11,985

12,199

12,200

10,800

18,400

12,500

4700