Table 9 The best design obtained by different algorithms on the 10-bar truss structure using continuous variables.

From: Enhancing engineering optimization using hybrid sine cosine algorithm with Roulette wheel selection and opposition-based learning

Variables (mm2)

nSCA

TLBO 58

SAHS 59

EHS 59

ABC-AP 60

HS 61

PSO 62

1

30.265338

30.6684

30.394

30.208

30.548

30.150

29.999

2

0.100000

0.1000

0.100

0.100

0.100

0.102

0.100

3

23.301629

23.1584

23.098

22.698

23.180

22.710

23.268

4

15.361201

15.2226

15.491

15.275

15.218

15.270

15.129

5

0.100000

0.1000

0.100

0.100

0.100

0.102

0.100

6

0.561455

0.5421

0.529

0.529

0.5510

0.544

0.554

7

20.947396

21.0255

21.189

7.558

21.058

21.560

21.232

8

7.426226

7.4654

7.488

21.559

7.4630

7.541

7.454

9

0.100000

0.1000

0.100

0.100

0.100

0.100

0.100

10

21.656878

21.4660

21.342

21.491

21.501

21.450

21.670

Optimal weight (lb)

5061.0548

5060.973

5061.42

5062.39

5060.88

5057.88

5059.85

Mean weight (lb)

5061.8713

5064.808

5061.95

5063.73

N/A

N/A

5067.51

SD

0.5491

6.3707

0.71

1.98

N/A

N/A

17.509

NFEmax

12,500

N/A

30,000

30,000

N/A

N/A

N/A

Best NFE

10,950

13,767

7081

9791

500,000

20,000

10,194

Constraint tolerance (%)

None

None

None

None

None

0.191

0.109