Table 2 Honey bee epidemiological data related to VIL and Nosema infection from different countries. (N): Number of samples or colony, (VIL): Varroa infestation level, (VP): Varroa prevalence, (SC): Nosema spore count in million spores per bee, (NP): Nosema prevalence, (GB): Predominant genetic background, (EHB): European honey bees, (AHB): Africanized honey bees, (BM): Beekeeping mode and (HS): Health status of colony.
Country | Authority | Year | N | VIL % | VP % | References | GB | BM | HS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Varroa mite | |||||||||
USA | USDA-ARS/BRL | 2015–2022 | 4039 | 8.21 | 85.14 | Current Study | EHB | Mix | Clinically ill |
USA | USDA-APHIS/NHBS | 2015–2020 | 4860 | 3.09 | 91.52 | Current Study | EHB | Mix | Healthy |
USA | USDA-APHIS/NHBS | 2009–2014 | 2901 | 6 | 97 | EHB | Mix | Healthy | |
Argentina | SENASA | 2005–2007 | 1896 | na | 74 | EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Brazil | Academic Report | 1979–2020 | 361 | 4.5 | na | AHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Brazil | Academic Report | 2009–2010 | 438 | 5.4 | 95.7 | AHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Brazil | Academic Report | 1986 | 18 | 7.5 | na | EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Brazil | Academic Report | 1986 | 18 | 5.8 | na | AHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Colombia | Academic Report | 2013–2014 | 483 | 4.5 | 92 | AHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Mexico | Academic Report | 2013 | 80 | 7.4 | na | AHB/EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Mexico | Academic Report | 2016 | 369 | 5.2 | 87.8 | AHB/EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Mexico | Academic Report | 2016–2017 | 369 | 3.5 | 83.5 | AHB/EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Uruguay | Academic Report | 2011 | 103 | 4.4 | 75.7 | AHB/EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Country | Authority | Year | N | SC | NP % | Reference | GB | BM | HS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nosema spp. | |||||||||
USA | USDA-ARS/BRL | 2015–2022 | 2994 | 6.8 | 99.73 | Current Study | EHB | Mix | Clinically ill |
USA | USDA-APHIS/NHBS | 2015–2020 | 4124 | 0.21 | 46.56 | Current Study | EHB | Mix | Healthy |
Mexico | Academic | 2017 | 369 | na | 48.5 | AHB/EHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Argentina | SENASA | 2012 | 333 | na | 49 | EHB | Mix | Healthy | |
Brazil | Academic | 2009–2012 | 637 | na | 79.9 | AHB | Stationary | Healthy | |
Chie | Academic | 2012 | 240 | 0.1 | 49 | EHB | Mix | Healthy | |
