Table 2 Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals of different dietary live microbe group for cognitive function scores (n = 2453).

From: Association of dietary live microbe intake with various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older

Exposure

Cognitive function

CERAD

DSST

AFT

Composite z-score

 

Β(95% CI)

Β(95% CI)

Β(95% CI)

Β(95% CI)

Low dietary live microbe group

Model 1

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.29 (0.05, 0.53)*

5.38 (3.18, 7.58)***

1.69(0.68, 2.71)**

0.79 (0.40, 1.18)***

 Q3

0.4 (0.21, 0.59)***

6.28 (4.36, 8.21)***

2.3(1.48, 3.12)***

1.02 (0.75, 1.29)***

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Model 2

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.2 (− 0.02, 0.43)

3.88 (2.05, 5.71)***

1.18 (0.26, 2.11)*

0.56 (0.22, 0.90)**

 Q3

0.27 (0.07, 0.48)*

4.04 (2.46, 5.62)***

1.49 (0.70, 2.28)**

0.67 (0.42, 0.92)***

 Ptrend

0.01

 < 0.0001

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

Model 3

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.14 (− 0.08, 0.36)

2.11 (0.44, 3.77)*

0.75 (− 0.15, 1.65)

0.34 (0.02, 0.66)*

 Q3

0.2 (0.01, 0.39)*

1.89 (0.41, 3.37)*

0.95 (0.08, 1.82)*

0.39 (0.14, 0.64)**

 Ptrend

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.004

Medium dietary live microbe group

Model 1

    

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.23 (− 0.01, 0.47)

4.14 (2.10, 6.17)***

1.26 (0.55, 1.97)**

0.61 (0.33, 0.88)***

 Q3

0.35 (0.16, 0.55)**

6.89 (4.71, 9.07)***

1.93 (1.15, 2.71)***

0.96 (0.69, 1.24)***

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Model 2

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.26 (0.03, 0.48)*

4.63 (2.60, 6.66)***

1.45 (0.76, 2.15)***

0.69 (0.43, 0.94)***

 Q3

0.34 (0.16, 0.52)**

6.81 (4.85, 8.76)***

2.02 (1.32, 2.71)***

0.96 (0.74, 1.19)***

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Model 3

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.17 (− 0.06, 0.39)

1.7 (− 0.38, 3.78)

0.66 (− 0.04, 1.36)

0.3 (0.05, 0.55)*

 Q3

0.2 (0.03, 0.38)*

2.92 (0.92, 4.93)*

0.98 (0.24, 1.72)*

0.44 (0.19, 0.70)**

 Ptrend

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.002

High dietary live microbe group

Model 1

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.3 (0.05, 0.54)*

4.61 (2.11, 7.11)**

1.52 (0.40, 2.64)*

0.72 (0.40, 1.04)***

 Q3

0.28 (− 0.01, 0.58)

6.11 (3.55, 8.68)***

1.33 (0.14, 2.52)*

0.77 (0.40, 1.14)**

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

0.01

 < 0.0001

Model 2

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.32 (0.06, 0.58)*

4.61 (2.32, 6.90)**

1.44 (0.35, 2.53)*

0.71 (0.39, 1.04)**

 Q3

0.26 (− 0.04, 0.56)

5.15 (2.64, 7.66)**

1.16 (0.10, 2.23)*

0.64 (0.29, 0.98)**

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.0001

0.01

 < 0.0001

Model 3

 Q1

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

0 (Reference)

 Q2

0.32 (0.06, 0.58)*

1.64 (− 0.52, 3.80)

1.46 (0.37, 2.54)*

0.31 (− 0.01, 0.63)*

 Q3

0.27(− 0.03, 0.57)

1.65 (− 0.65, 3.96)

1 (− 0.01, 2.01)*

0.18 (− 0.17, 0.53)

 Ptrend

 < 0.001

0.05

0.01

0.04

  1. aB: unstandardized regression coefficient,***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
  2. bThe composite-z score was calculated by summing the z scores ((test score—mean score)/SD) of the three individual tests.
  3. cModel 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age; gender. Model 3: adjusted for age; gender; race; Education level; Marital status; PIR; BMI; CCI; smoking status; alcohol consumption.
  4. dTertiles of different dietary live microbe group: they were grouped according to the triquels of each category.
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