Figure 5

Hovmöller diagram of JJA mean hourly accumulated precipitation (mm hr−1) diurnal variations averaged between 38 and 42\(^\circ \)N for the period of 2002–2020 for (a) Stage IV, (b) ADDA_V2, and (c) ERA5 reanalysis. Red dashed boxes timings onset and dissipation of relatively intense precipitation (> 0.14 mm day−1) over the Appalachian plateau. Black dashed box indicates timings of the onset and dissipation of mountainous convection organized over the Rocky Mountains.