Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Individuals with bipolar disorder | Matched* controls without major psychiatric disorders | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 11,329 | 11,329 | |
Male | 4398 (38.82) | 4398 (38.82) | 1.0000 |
Age (years) | 34.06 ± 12.87 | 34.06 ± 12.87 | 1.0000 |
Age group | |||
18–39 years | 8038 (70.95) | 8038 (70.95) | 1.0000 |
40–64 years | 2967 (26.19) | 2967 (26.19) | |
≥ 65 years | 324 (2.86) | 324 (2.86) | |
Household income quartile | |||
Q1 | 3034 (26.78) | 2742 (24.20) | < 0.0001 |
Q2 | 2440 (21.54) | 2591 (22.87) | |
Q3 | 2601 (22.96) | 2995 (26.44) | |
Q4 | 3254 (28.72) | 3001 (26.49) | |
CCI | 0.28 ± 0.62 | 0.02 ± 0.18 | < 0.0001 |
CCI categories | |||
0 | 8979 (79.26) | 11,110 (98.07) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 1856 (16.38) | 188 (1.66) | |
2 | 394 (3.48) | 23 (0.20) | |
≥ 3 | 100 (0.88) | 8 (0.07) | |
Disability | 537 (4.74) | 165 (1.46) | < 0.0001 |
Psychotropic medication uses throughout the follow-up period | N/A | ||
Mood stabilizer | 8489 (74.93) | ||
Antidepressant | 8514 (75.15) | ||
Antipsychotics | 8051 (71.07) | ||
Benzodiazepine | 10,099 (89.14) | ||
Stimulant | 1098 (9.69) | ||
Zolpidem | 5145 (45.41) | ||
Admission to psychiatry | 302 (2.67) | ||
