Table 2 Assessment of sleep quality by the profile of mood states 2nd edition.

From: Evaluation of the benefits of neutral bicarbonate ionized water baths in an open-label, randomized, crossover trial

Items

Percentage change from baseline

Within-group comparison

Control (n = 25), mean (± SD)

NBIW (n = 25), mean (± SD)

Between-group comparison

p value

p value

r

Effect size

Control

NBIW

AH (anger-hostility)

%

− 8.0 ± 14.7

− 9.6 ± 12.8

0.3341

− 0.14

Small

0.0083**

0.0014**

CB (confusion-bewilderment)

%

− 3.2 ± 11.9

− 10.0 ± 11.6

0.0478*

− 0.28

Small

0.1967

0.0005**

DD (depression-dejection)

%

− 6.1 ± 13.3

− 8.9 ± 12.1

0.2209

− 0.17

Small

0.0350*

0.0024**

FI (fatigue-inertia)

%

− 7.5 ± 13.4

− 13.0 ± 11.5

0.1064

− 0.23

Small

0.0090**

0.0001**

TA (tension-anxiety)

%

− 11.6 ± 13.5

− 14.2 ± 9.8

0.3651

− 0.13

Small

0.0007**

0.0000**

VA (vigor-activity)

%

15.1 ± 16.0

19.4 ± 21.4

0.3271

− 0.14

Small

0.0008**

0.0009**

F (friendliness)

%

1.4 ± 18.0

9.2 ± 17.8

0.0674

− 0.26

Small

0.5988**

0.0547

TMD (total mood disturbance)

%

− 10.4 ± 13.0

− 15.2 ± 9.9

0.0883

− 0.24

Small

0.0006**

0.0000**

  1. Between-group and within-group comparisons were tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.05.
  3. Effect size was calculated as r family: small (0.1 ≤|r|< 0.3), medium (0.3 ≤|r|< 0.5), large (0.5 ≤|r|).
  4. NBIW, neutral bicarbonate ionized water.