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Figure 1

From: Exploring potential causal associations between autoimmune diseases and colorectal cancer using bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Flow diagram illustrating the core assumptions and study design of two-sample bidirectional MR analysis. Assumption 1: IVs are closely related to exposure. Assumption 2: IVs are not associated with confounders. Assumption 3: IVs influence the outcome only through the exposure. T1D type 1 diabetes, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, RA rheumatoid arthritis, MS multiple sclerosis, JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis, CD celiac disease, PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis, CRC colorectal cancer, AIDs autoimmune diseases.

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