Table 8 The values of D, R, D + R, and D − R.
Factor name | Code | D | R | D + R | D − R | The role of factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organization management's commitment to safety | A1 | 2.78 | 1.79 | 4.57 | 0.99 | Cause |
Open and frank safety communication | A2 | 2.14 | 1.80 | 3.94 | 0.34 | Cause |
Employee participation and commitment | A3 | 2.34 | 2.21 | 4.55 | 0.13 | Cause |
Contractor management | A4 | 1.81 | 2.04 | 3.85 | − 0.23 | Effect |
Safety policies and regulations | A5 | 2.47 | 2.13 | 4.60 | 0.34 | Cause |
Incidents reporting system | A6 | 1.96 | 2.24 | 4.20 | − 0.28 | Effect |
Analysis and learning from incidents | A7 | 2.02 | 2.13 | 4.15 | − 0.11 | Effect |
Access to process information | A8 | 2.04 | 1.89 | 3.93 | 0.15 | Cause |
Monitoring/inspection | A9 | 2.15 | 2.19 | 4.34 | − 0.04 | Effect |
Maintenance management | A10 | 1.63 | 2.16 | 3.79 | − 0.53 | Effect |
Education and training | A11 | 2.36 | 2.17 | 4.53 | 0.19 | Cause |
Simplification or avoidance of complexity | A12 | 1.48 | 1.72 | 3.20 | − 0.24 | Effect |
Process safety vs. personal safety | A13 | 1.75 | 1.85 | 3.60 | − 0.10 | Effect |
Risk assessment and management | A14 | 2.52 | 2.31 | 4.83 | 0.21 | Cause |
Incentive and punishment system in safety field | A15 | 1.76 | 1.93 | 3.69 | − 0.17 | Effect |
Safety permit system | A16 | 1.77 | 2.25 | 4.02 | − 0.48 | Effect |
Perceived organizational support for safety | A17 | 1.89 | 1.86 | 3.75 | 0.03 | Cause |
Change management | A18 | 1.82 | 1.98 | 3.80 | − 0.16 | Effect |
