Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Three-dimensional flow velocity determination using laser-induced fluorescence method with asymmetric optical vortex beams

Figure 3

(a) Comparison of numerically calculated spectra in traditional LIF with Gaussian beam (gray, dashed), OVLIF with symmetric LG beam (green, solid), and aOVLIF methods (blue, solid). \(V_x=5\) km/s, \(V_y=V_z=0\), \(T=0.1\) eV, and \(w_0=5\) \(\mu \)m. The TC is \(\ell =20\), and the shift parameter is set to \([\text {Im}(x_\text {s}), \text {Im}(y_\text {s})]=[-w_0/2, 0]\). For aOVLIF, the asymmetry parameter dependences of the frequency shift (\(\mu \)) and width (\(\sigma \)) of the spectrum are shown in (b) and (c), respectively. The width is normalized by that of the traditional LIF spectrum (\(\sigma _\text {PW}=0.73\) GHz).

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