Table 2 Univariate Cox regression analysis for two-year MACCE.

From: Clinical impact of the right ventricular impairment in patients following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

 

Univariate analysis

HR

95% CI

p value

Age, an increase of a year

0.98

0.91–1.05

0.500

Male

1.68

0.84–3.33

0.140

Body mass index, an increase of 1 kg/m2

0.90

0.82–0.99

0.029

Diabetes mellitus

0.86

0.39–1.90

0.714

Dyslipidemia

0.91

0.47–1.79

0.791

Hypertension

1.37

0.62–3.03

0.434

Chronic kidney disease stage 3B or higher

2.04

1.04–4.01

0.038

Hepatobiliary system impairment

3.29

1.35–8.00

0.009

Previous myocardial infarction

0.78

0.19–3.26

0.734

Coronary artery disease

0.84

0.42–1.70

0.625

Congestive heart failure

2.59

1.24–5.42

0.012

Atrial fibrillation

2.04

1.00–4.15

0.049

Peripheral vascular disease

0.98

0.44–2.17

0.963

Cerebrovascular disease

1.64

0.68–3.97

0.270

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

0.39

0.09–1.64

0.199

Hemodynamic classification

High-gradient

 

Reference

 

Classical low-flow low-gradient

3.91

1.75–8.73

0.001

Paradoxical low-flow low-gradient

0.95

0.32–2.80

0.924

Normal-flow low-gradient

2.96

0.87–10.04

0.082

EuroSCORE II, an increase of 1 point

1.09

1.01–1.18

0.020

Clinical frailty score > 4

2.19

1.10–4.33

0.025

Medication at discharge

   

RAS-I

0.94

0.48–1.86

0.863

ARNI

1.49

0.20–10.92

0.696

Beta blockers

2.96

1.50–5.83

0.002

MRA

1.15

0.55–2.41

0.709

Loop diuretics

1.16

0.48–2.80

0.742

Statin

1.09

0.56–2.14

0.800

SGLT2 inhibitors

0.72

0.10–5.30

0.750

Antiplatelet therapy

 No antiplatelet therapy

 

Reference

 

 Single antiplatelet therapy

0.61

0.28–1.32

0.208

 Dual antiplatelet therapy

0.34

0.11–1.10

0.071

Anticoagulation

1.59

0.79–3.22

0.194

Laboratory data

Hemoglobin, an increase of 1.0 g/dL

1.05

0.86–1.27

0.636

Albumin, an increase of 1.0 g/dL

0.52

0.26–1.05

0.068

Creatinine, an increase of 1.0 mg/dL

1.78

1.20–2.64

0.004

eGFR, an increase of 10 ml/min/1.73m2

0.84

0.69–1.02

0.078

B-type natriuretic peptide, an increase of 1000 pg/mL

1.72

0.73–4.05

0.215

C-reactive protein, an increase of 1.0 mg/dl

1.06

0.90–1.24

0.505

Echocardiography

LVEDV, an increase of 10 ml

1.03

0.92–1.15

0.617

LVESV, an increase of 10 ml

1.12

0.96–1.31

0.161

LV sphericity index, an absolute increase of 1%

1.84

0.01–283.01

0.813

LVEF, an absolute increase of 10%

0.73

0.56–0.95

0.021

E/e’, an absolute increase of 1%

1.02

0.98–1.07

0.331

RV longitudinal diameter, an increase of 10 mm

0.69

0.52–0.93

0.016

RV mid-ventricular diameter, an increase of 1 mm

1.02

0.94–1.11

0.563

RV sphericity index, an increase of 0.1

1.45

0.89–2.39

0.139

RV sphericity index of > 0.377

2.18

1.11–4.30

0.024

Tricuspid annulus diameter, an increase of 1 mm

1.04

0.98–1.11

0.201

RA area, an increase of 1 cm2

1.02

0.99–1.05

0.138

TAPSE, an increase of 1 mm

0.85

0.76–0.94

0.002

TAPSE of < 19 mm

2.72

1.38–5.33

0.004

RV fractional area change, an absolute increase of 1%

0.97

0.93–1.00

0.085

SPAP, an increase of 1 mmHg

1.01

0.97–1.04

0.732

RV-PA coupling, an increase of 1 mm/mmHg

0.44

0.10–1.92

0.273

MR ≥ 3 + 

2.97

0.41–21.73

0.284

TR ≥ 3 + 

1.84

0.56–6.03

0.312

Transapical access (reference: transfemoral access)

1.74

0.53–5.70

0.360

  1. ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; AV, aortic valve; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; MR, mitral regurgitation; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; PA, pulmonary artery; PG, pressure gradient; RA, right atrium; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; RV, right ventricle; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.
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