Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Assessing the effects of foot strike patterns and shoe types on the control of leg length and orientation in running

Figure 2

Geometric model used to estimate performance variables leg length (legz) and leg orientation (legy) and joint angle for pelvis (θP), thigh (θT), shank (θS), and foot (θF) segments within the sagittal plane (y,z). The leg effector is constructed from the centre of pressure (CoP) to the pelvis mid-point. Note: thigh, shank, and foot segment angles were computed on both left and right sides; the left side is not shown in the figure. Trials were ranked using foot strike as first, where the average foot strike angle (35–64 percentile) was selected; then a second (nested) classification was done by selecting the trials with a moderate (35–64 percentile) change in leg length (defined as the change during the period [FC, FC + 10]). The UCM analysis was then performed on each time slice. For each slice a linearized manifold (M) and a normal vector (\(\overrightarrow{{\text{n}}}\)) were computed; then the sum of all distances parallel (VUCM) and orthogonal (VORTH) and their ratio (VRATIO) were calculated. Using VUCM to represent flexibility and 1-VORTH to represent stability the possible well structures are shown. This figure has been generated by researcher AG using Power Point 2016.

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