Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: An RNA-hydrolyzing recombinant minibody prevents both influenza A virus and coronavirus in co-infection models

Figure 3

Antiviral effects of 3D8 scFv against co-infection with IAVs. (a) Diagram of procedure of co-infection with IAVs. MDCK cells were simultaneously inoculated with H1N1/PR8 (MOI 1) and H3N2/X-31 (MOI 2) at 37 °C. At 6 hpi, the cells were treated with 10 µM 3D8 scFv in MEM supplemented with 1 µg/mL TPCK, after which the cells were incubated for a total duration of 30 h. (b) HA and NA genes of H1N1/PR8 as well as the (c) HA and NP genes of H3N2/X-31 expression level in 3D8 scFv-treated and untreated cells were assessed using one-step RT-qPCR. In addition, (d) 3D8-treated cells were collected for western blotting assay using influenza HA primary antibody; (e) the viral protein expression was normalized to GAPDH expression. (f) Plaque reduction assay was conducted; the total progeny of IAVs in the co-infection model was quantified, and the percentage reduction was calculated. All assays were conducted in triplicates. Significant differences were determined using unpaired t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). The original western blots are presented in Fig S4.

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