Table 3 Predictors for health-related quality of life, fatigue and mental health (linear mixed model).

From: Reduced health-related quality of life, fatigue, anxiety and depression affect COVID-19 patients in the long-term after chronic critical illness

	Health Index		Fatigue		Anxiety		Depression
	Fix Eff	95% CI	Fix Eff	95% CI	Fix Eff	95% CI	Fix Eff	95% CI
Intercept	0.83****	0.55–1.11	3.45***	1.49–5.42	8.30***	3.53–13.08	4.44	− 0.38–9.27
Age
Age [years]	− 0.00	− 0.00–0.00	− 0.01	− 0.04–0.02	− 0.06	− 0.13–0.01	− 0.01	− 0.09–0.06
Age [decades]	− 0.01	− 0.05–0.03	− 0.12	− 0.40–0.17	− 0.56	− 1.25–0.14	− 0.15	− 0.85–0.55
Sex = male	0.02	− 0.09–0.12	− 0.49	− 1.19–0.21	− 0.70	− 2.41–1.01	0.02	− 1.88–1.57
Mechanical ventilation
Duration MV [days]	− 0.00*	− 0.00– (− 0.00)	− 0.00	− 0.01–0.01	0.01	− 0.02–0.04	0.01	− 0.02–0.04
Duration MV [z-standardized]	− 0.06*	− 0.10– (− 0.01)	− 0.02	− 0.35–0.31	0.24	− 0.55–1.04	0.25	− 0.55–1.05
Time visit 2 (vs. time visit 1)	0.18****	0.12–0.25	0.08	− 0.33–0.49	− 1.12*	− 2.01–(− 0.22)	− 0.90	− 1.81–0.02
Time visit 3 (vs. time visit 1)	0.09**	0.03–0.16	1.02****	0.59–1.45	1.20*	0.26–2.13	1.50**	0.54–2.46
Time visit 4 (vs. time visit 1)	0.09**	0.02–0.15	1.15****	0.70–1.59	0.54	− 0.43–1.51	0.72	− 0.28–1.71
Time visit 5 (vs. time visit 1)	0.10**	0.03–0.16	1.18****	0.73–1.63	1.05*	0.06–2.04	1.09*	0.07–2.10
Comorbidities	0.00	− 0.00–0.01	0.01	− 0.04–0.06	− 0.04	− 0.16–0.07	0.01	− 0.11–0.13
Obesity = yes	0.05	− 0.06–0.16	− 0.28	− 1.03–0.47	− 2.18*	− 4.02–(− 0.33)	− 1.43	− 3.30–0.43
Diabetes = yes	− 0.06	− 0.17–0.05	0.10	− 0.66–0.86	0.25	− 1.60–2.11	0.25	− 1.62–2.13
Preclinical frailty	− 0.07*	− 0.12–(− 0.01)	0.13	− 0.23–0.49	0.50	− 0.39–1.38	0.64	− 0.25–1.53
ECMO = yes	− 0.10	− 0.21–0.01	0.64	− 0.16–1.44	1.04	− 0.91–2.99	1.25	− 0.73–3.22
Adjusted ICC	0.445		0.479		0.551		0.542
Conditional R²	0.541		0.544		0.600		0.582

Fix Eff = fixed effects; 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval; Duration MV = Duration of mechanical ventilation in days; Comorbidities were measured by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index; ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICC intraclass-correlation coefficient; *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. ****p < .0001. For enhanced interpretability, fixed effects were additionally calculated for models with age per decade and z-standardized values for mechanical ventilation instead of age (annually) and mechanical ventilation in days.
Significant values are in bold.

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Table 3 Predictors for health-related quality of life, fatigue and mental health (linear mixed model).

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