Table 4 Patient characteristics in three datasets for each treatment branch.
Training | Validation | Test | P-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVI-alone | PVI-plus | PVI-alone | PVI-plus | PVI-alone | PVI-plus | ||
N | 63 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 124 | 124 | |
Age | 68.00 [60.00, 72.50] | 65.00 [58.00, 72.00] | 66.00 [59.00, 72.75] | 67.00 [60.00, 73.00] | 68.00 [60.75, 73.00] | 66.00 [58.00, 71.00] | 0.421 |
Female sex | 15 (23.8) | 18 (29.5) | 16 (25.8) | 18 (28.6) | 32 (25.8) | 22 (17.7) | 0.426 |
Body mass index | 24.24 [21.74, 26.87] | 23.32 [21.63, 26.02] | 24.71 [22.24, 27.03] | 24.77 [21.68, 26.40] | 24.40 [22.14, 26.81] | 24.21 [22.34, 26.43] | 0.709 |
Family history of atrial fibrillation | 9 (14.3) | 4 (6.6) | 5 (8.1) | 7 (11.1) | 9 (7.3) | 4 (3.2) | 0.110 |
Long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation | 13 (20.6) | 15 (24.6) | 11 (17.7) | 17 (27.0) | 35 (28.2) | 33 (26.6) | 0.648 |
Hypertension | 41 (65.1) | 34 (55.7) | 34 (54.8) | 37 (58.7) | 75 (60.5) | 78 (62.9) | 0.803 |
Diabetes mellitus | 7 (11.1) | 13 (21.3) | 11 (17.7) | 10 (15.9) | 20 (16.1) | 24 (19.4) | 0.702 |
Dyslipidemia | 30 (47.6) | 30 (49.2) | 32 (51.6) | 29 (46.0) | 50 (40.3) | 56 (45.2) | 0.740 |
Smoking history | 46 (73.0) | 37 (60.7) | 39 (62.9) | 38 (60.3) | 68 (54.8) | 74 (59.7) | 0.302 |
Heart failure | 12 (19.0) | 12 (19.7) | 13 (21.0) | 14 (22.2) | 21 (16.9) | 20 (16.1) | 0.890 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.030 |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 3 (2.4) | 0.849 |
Sick sinus syndrome | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.6) | 0.990 |
Stroke or systemic thromboembolism | 4 (6.3) | 6 (9.8) | 4 (6.5) | 9 (14.3) | 8 (6.5) | 8 (6.5) | 0.468 |
Sleep apnea syndrome | 6 (9.5) | 8 (13.1) | 9 (14.5) | 6 (9.5) | 8 (6.5) | 16 (12.9) | 0.442 |
Thyroid disease | 2 (3.2) | 3 (4.9) | 2 (3.2) | 6 (9.5) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (4.0) | 0.638 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (7.9) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (4.8) | 2 (3.2) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (4.0) | 0.690 |
Liver disease | 8 (12.7) | 6 (9.8) | 2 (3.2) | 3 (4.8) | 6 (4.8) | 3 (2.4) | 0.057 |
History of use of anti-arrhythmic drug | 23 (36.5) | 13 (21.3) | 13 (21.0) | 13 (20.6) | 31 (25.0) | 25 (20.2) | 0.223 |
Hemoglobin | 14.70 [13.35, 15.50] | 14.20 [13.50, 14.90] | 14.80 [14.03, 15.60] | 14.20 [13.45, 14.90] | 14.70 [13.57, 15.60] | 14.90 [13.90, 15.60] | 0.003 |
Brain type natriuretic peptide | 143.65 [91.30, 200.45] | 130.30 [86.47, 204.15] | 132.20 [91.50, 208.10] | 162.30 [104.70, 239.00] | 142.70 [98.90, 223.60] | 146.20 [101.20, 223.58] | 0.670 |
Creatinine | 0.88 [0.75, 0.97] | 0.85 [0.77, 1.01] | 0.89 [0.79, 0.99] | 0.88 [0.76, 0.96] | 0.86 [0.78, 1.03] | 0.90 [0.82, 1.01] | 0.579 |
C-reactive protein | 0.10 [0.05, 0.13] | 0.10 [0.08, 0.18] | 0.10 [0.07, 0.19] | 0.10 [0.07, 0.19] | 0.10 [0.06, 0.20] | 0.10 [0.06, 0.16] | 0.758 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction | 63.60 [59.88, 69.38] | 63.37 [57.07, 66.39] | 62.39 [55.04, 67.48] | 64.04 [56.61, 68.61] | 64.70 [59.88, 69.65] | 63.11 [55.83, 67.71] | 0.361 |
Left atrial diameter | 41.00 [38.70, 44.00] | 41.00 [37.10, 44.60] | 41.60 [40.00, 44.20] | 43.20 [39.90, 47.00] | 43.00 [39.35, 46.00] | 43.00 [39.00, 46.00] | 0.023 |
Mitral regurgitation | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (1.6) | 4 (3.2) | 0.087 |
Recurrence of atrial fibrillation | 18 (28.6) | 11 (18.0) | 19 (30.6) | 12 (19.0) | 39 (31.5) | 28 (22.6) | 0.209 |
