Table 3 Dietary intakes of study participants across tertiles of nutrient patterns.
From: Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women
Tertiles of NP1 score | Tertiles of NP2 score | Tertiles of NP3 score | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 127) | T2 (n = 119) | T3 (n = 121) | Pa | T1 (n = 117) | T2 (n = 123) | T3 (n = 128) | Pa | T1 (n = 121) | T2 (n = 121) | T3 (n = 126) | Pa | |
Energy (Kcal/day) | 2061.2 ± 64.8 | 2699.7 ± 64 | 3517.6 ± 64 | 0.001 | 2752.7 ± 82.1 | 2598.7 ± 81 | 2942.2 ± 81.1 | 0.01 | 2113.2 ± 66.6 | 2722.2 ± 67.1 | 3473 ± 67.3 | 0.001 |
Food groups | ||||||||||||
Vegetables (g/day) | 204.8 ± 19.0 | 314.2 ± 16.5 | 517.7 ± 19.1 | ˂ 0.001 | 248.6 ± 17.4 | 330.1 ± 17.2 | 457.8 ± 17.2 | ˂ .001 | 464.5 ± 19.5 | 331.7 ± 17.6 | 240.9 ± 20.01 | ˂ 0.001 |
Fruits (g/day) | 209.6 ± 26.5 | 359.2 ± 23.0 | 601.3 ± 26.7 | ˂ 0.001 | 240.4 ± 23.3 | 379.0 ± 23.2 | 550.0 ± 23.1 | ˂ 0.001 | 576.2 ± 25.8 | 377.7 ± 23.4 | 215.9 ± 26.5 | ˂ 0.001 |
White meat (g/day) | 85.9 ± 5.9 | 89.2 ± 5.1 | 93.5 ± 5.9 | 0.72 | 98.0 ± 5.2 | 91.1 ± 5.1 | 79.7 ± 5.1 | 0.04 | 71.8 ± 5.6 | 95.4 ± 5.1 | 101.7 ± 5.8 | 0.001 |
Red meats (g/day) | 141.3 ± 8.4 | 131.5 ± 7.2 | 146.7 ± 8.4 | 0.35 | 147.0 ± 7.3 | 145.9 ± 7.3 | 126.8 ± 7.3 | 0.09 | 132.9 ± 8.09 | 151.4 ± 7.3 | 135.1 ± 8.3 | 0.15 |
Low-fat dairy (g/day) | 222.1 ± 26.3 | 337.1 ± 22.8 | 540.0 ± 26.5 | ˂ 0.001 | 369.5 ± 24.8 | 379.0 ± 24.6 | 353.8 ± 24.6 | 0.77 | 370.8 ± 27.2 | 363.7 ± 24.6 | 367.6 ± 28.00 | 0.98 |
High-fat dairy (g/day) | 49.0 ± 5.5 | 60.1 ± 4.7 | 71.9 ± 5.5 | 0.32 | 52.5 ± 4.8 | 63.5 ± 4.8 | 65.1 ± 4.8 | 0.13 | 61.4 ± 5.3 | 60.2 ± 4.8 | 59.7 ± 5.5 | 0.97 |
Refined grains (g/day) | 445.1 ± 17.5 | 413.4 ± 15.2 | 309.3 ± 17.7 | ˂ 0.001 | 379.8 ± 15.8 | 420.0 ± 15.7 | 366.8 ± 15.7 | 0.04 | 353.6 ± 17.4 | 412.6 ± 15.7 | 401.1 ± 17.8 | 0.03 |
Whole grains (g/day) | 66.6 ± 9.5 | 59.5 ± 8.2 | 60.0 ± 9.6 | 0.84 | 57.7 ± 8.4 | 65.7 ± 8.3 | 62.5 ± 8.3 | 0.79 | 74.1 ± 9.1 | 67.0 ± 8.2 | 44.6 ± 9.4 | 0.10 |
Legumes and nuts (g/day) | 48.3 ± 3.4 | 57.8 ± 3.0 | 70.6 ± 3.4 | ˂ 0.001 | 56.5 ± 3.1 | 60.5 ± 3.0 | 59.9 ± 3.0 | 0.60 | 58.1 ± 3.4 | 59.7 ± 3.0 | 59.3 ± 3.4 | 0.93 |
Oils (g/day) | 76.7 ± 2.8 | 73.2 ± 2.4 | 61.6 ± 2.8 | 0.002 | 73.4 ± 2.4 | 72.6 ± 2.4 | 65.4 ± 2.4 | 0.04 | 60.1 ± 2.6 | 71.5 ± 2.4 | 80.0 ± 2.7 | ˂ 0.001 |
Nutrients | ||||||||||||
Protein (g/day) | 171.8 ± 10.3 | 105.6 ± 8.98 | 78.9 ± 10.4 | ˂ 0.001 | 90.8 ± 9.1 | 104.4 ± 9.0 | 158.9 ± 9.0 | ˂ 0.001 | 57.7 ± 9.2 | 96.4 ± 8.3 | 202.4 ± 9.4 | ˂ 0.001 |
Carbohydrate (g/day) | 314.4 ± 6.2 | 332.8 ± 5.4 | 343.1 ± 6.2 | 0.12 | 296.1 ± 5.0 | 335.3 ± 5.0 | 358.3 ± 5.0 | ˂ 0.001 | 378.5 ± 5.2 | 332.1 ± 4.7 | 279.0 ± 5.3 | ˂ 0.001 |
Fats (g/day) | 123.3 ± 5.2 | 105.8 ± 4.5 | 92.0 ± 5.3 | 0.001 | 111.1 ± 4.7 | 103.6 ± 4.6 | 106.2 ± 4.6 | 0.51 | 91.7 ± 5.0 | 104.3 ± 4.5 | 125.1 ± 5.2 | ˂ 0.001 |
Saturated fatty acids (g/day) | 30.4 ± 1.04 | 24.4 ± 0.90 | 21.5 ± 1.04 | ˂ 0.001 | 24.4 ± 0.9 | 24.3 ± 0.9 | 27.3 ± 0.9 | 0.03 | 17.7 ± 0.8 | 23.8 ± 0.8 | 34.8 ± 0.9 | ˂ 0.001 |
MUFA (g/day) | 57.6 ± 8.4 | 33.6 ± 7.3 | 19.5 ± 8.4 | 0.01 | 34.1 ± 7.4 | 32.5 ± 7.4 | 43.5 ± 7.4 | 0.53 | 29.7 ± 8.1 | 32.6 ± 7.4 | 48.2 ± 8.3 | 0.28 |
PUFA (g/day) | 52.3 ± 2.6 | 41.2 ± 2.2 | 32.6 ± 2.6 | ˂ 0.001 | 42.0 ± 2.3 | 39.8 ± 2.3 | 44.0 ± 2.3 | 0.45 | 34.5 ± 2.5 | 39.7 ± 2.3 | 51.9 ± 2.6 | ˂ 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mg/day) | 252.6 ± 9.1 | 240.5 ± 7.9 | 228.0 ± 9.2 | 0.23 | 290.3 ± 7.4 | 223.5 ± 7.4 | 208.4 ± 7.4 | ˂ 0.001 | 174.8 ± 7.7 | 234.9 ± 6.9 | 312.6 ± 7.9 | ˂ 0.001 |
Sodium (mg/day) | 4197.6 ± 127.7 | 3961.3 ± 110.7 | 3774.8 ± 128.4 | 0.10 | 4506.7 ± 107.8 | 3856.5 ± 107.0 | 3580.2 ± 106.9 | ˂ 0.001 | 3151.5 ± 112.1 | 3989.5 ± 101.4 | 4806.3 ± 115.0 | ˂ 0.001 |
Total dietary fiber (g/day) | 18.6 ± 1.1 | 20.2 ± 1.0 | 26.0 ± 1.1 | ˂ 0.001 | 16.8 ± 0.9 | 20.6 ± 0.9 | 27.3 ± 0.9 | ˂ 0.001 | 26.7 ± 1.0 | 20.7 ± 0.9 | 17.4 ± 1.1 | ˂ 0.001 |
