Table 6 Linear association of nutrient dietary patterns¹ with insulin resistance and endothelial function indexes.

From: Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women

	NP¹		NP²		NP³
	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P
FBG (mg/dL)
Crude	0.22 (− 1.36, 1.82)	0.77	1.32 (− 0.38, 2.82)	0.13	− 0.31 (− 1.91, 1.28)	0.70
Model 1^a	0.44 (− 2.02, 2.11)	0.96	1.30 (− 0.35, 2.96)	0.12	− 0.65 (− 2.66, 1.35)	0.52
Model 2^b	− 0.16 (− 4.42, 4.08)	0.93	− 0.03 (− 3.34, 3.26)	0.98	0.78 (− 3.15, 4.72)	0.69
Model 3^c	0.52 (− 4.25, 4.35)	0.98	0.75 (− 3.27, 3.42)	0.96	0.94 (− 3.03, 4.91)	0.64
Model 4^d	0.17 (− 4.34, 4.69)	0.93	− 0.05 (− 3.66, 3,55)	0.97	1.23 (− 3.00, 5,47)	0.56
Insulin (mU/L)
Crude	− 0.62 (− 1.79, 0.54)	0.29	− 0.50 (− 1.67, 0.66)	0.39	− 0.59 (− 1.75, 0.57)	0.31
Model 1^a	− 0.13 (− 1.62, 1.35)	0.85	− 0.52 (− 1.72, 0.67)	0.39	0.31 (− 1.14, 1,77)	0.66
Model 2^b	− 1.75 (− 3.80, 0.28)	0.09	− 0.72 (− 2.34, 0.89)	0.37	1.74 (− 0.16, 3,65)	0.07
Model 3^c	− 1.63 (− 3.70, 0.43)	0.12	− 0.67 (− 2.31, 0.97)	0.41	1.85 (− 0.06, 3.78)	0.05
Model 4^d	− 1.59 (− 3.66, 0.48)	0.13	− 0.76 (− 2.42, 0.89)	0.36	1.72 (− 0.21, 3.66)	0.08
HOMA-IR
Crude	− 0.11 (− 0.36, 0.14)	0.38	− 0.08 (− 0.34, 0.16)	0.50	− 0.13 (− 0.38, 0.11)	0.29
Model 1^a	− 0.01 (− 0.33, 0.31)	0.94	− 0.08 (− 0.34, 0.17)	0.50	0.03 (− 0.28, 0.35)	0.81
Model 2^b	− 0.37 (− 0.82, 0.08)	0.10	− 0.19 (− 0.55, 0.16)	0.27	0.39 (− 0.02, 0.81)	0.06
Model 3^c	− 0.33 (− 0.79, 0.12)	0.14	− 0.18 (− 0.54, 0.18)	0.31	0.42 (0.00, 0.84)	0.05
Model 4^d	− 0.32 (− 0.78, 0.13)	0.16	− 0.21 (− 0.57, 0.16)	0.26	0.40 (− 0.02, 0.83)	0.06
HOMA-β
Crude	− 82.82 (− 166.95, 1.29)	0.05	− 62.41 (− 146.95, 22.13)	0.14	29.23 (− 54.93, 113.40)	0.49
Model 1^a	− 91.60 (− 201.16, 17.94)	0.10	− 64.18 (− 152.90, 24.53)	0.15	86.58 (− 21.15, 194.31)	0.11
Model 2^b	− 239.55 (− 534.39, 55.27)	0.11	− 19.72 (− 252.96, 213.52)	0.86	241.89 (− 33.01, 516.80)	0.08
Model 3^c	− 228.93 (− 527.01, 69.15)	0.13	5.52 (− 231.75, 242.81)	0.96	237.31 (− 39.89, 514.53)	0.09
Model 4^d	− 241.66 (− 538.15, 54.83)	0.10	− 22.32 (− 260.99, 216.34)	0.85	236.16 (− 41.80, 514.13)	0.09
QUICKY
Crude	− 0.002 (− 0.008, 0.005)	0.62	− 0.005 (− 0.01, 0.002)	0.15	− 0.002 (− 0.009, 0.005)	0.54
Model 1^a	− 0.001 (− 0.01, 0.007)	0.77	− 0.004 (− 0.01, 0.002)	0.20	− 0.003 (− 0.01, 0.005)	0.46
Model 2^b	0.007 (− 0.009, 0.02)	0.38	− 0.005 (− 0.01, 0.008)	0.48	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.004)	0.14
Model 3^c	0.006 (− 0.01, 0.02)	0.47	− 0.005 (− 0.01, 0.008)	0.41	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.003)	0.11
Model 4^d	0.007 (− 0.01, 0.02)	0.43	− 0.004 (− 0.01, 0.009)	0.51	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.003)	0.10
E-selectin (mg/L)
Crude	− 6.15 (− 13.18, 0.87)	0.08	− 9.35 (− 16.36, − 2.34)	0.009	0.51 (− 6.51, 7.54)	0.88
Model 1^a	− 3.32 (− 11.80, 5.14)	0.44	− 7.49 (− 14.30, − 0.68)	0.03	3.11 (− 5.22, 11.45)	0.46
Model 2^b	− 4.32 (− 15.20, 6.55)	0.43	0.03 (− 8.54, 8.61)	0.99	5.86 (− 4.28, 16.01)	0.25
Model 3^c	− 3.71 (− 14.70, 7.28)	0.50	− 0.005 (− 8.72, 8.71)	0.99	6.60 (− 3.58, 16.79)	0.20
Model 4^d	− 2.82 (− 14.06, 8.41)	0.61	− 1.31 (− 10.35,7.71)	0.77	5.71 (− 4.67, 16.10)	0.27
sICAM-1 (mg/L)
Crude	11.16 (1.45, 20.87)	0.02	1.25 (− 8.57, 11.08)	0.80	− 2.73 (− 12.48, 7.02)	0.58
Model 1^a	21.61 (9.76, 33.45)	˂ 0.001	1.34 (− 8.43, 11.12)	0.78	− 6.80 (− 18.67, 5.06)	0.26
Model 2^b	6.03 (− 12.02, 24.08)	0.50	0.41 (− 13.80, 14.63)	0.95	− 1.69 (− 18.62, 15.23)	0.84
Model 3^c	6.31 (− 12.03, 24.66)	0.49	0.04 (− 14.51, 14.60)	0.99	− 1.20 (− 18.35, 15.93)	0.88
Model 4^d	7.33 (− 11.59, 26.25)	0.44	− 0.09 (− 15.33, 15.14)	0.99	− 2.28 (− 19.90, 15.33)	0.79
sVCAM-1 (mg/L)
Crude	− 2.85 (− 21.89, 16.18)	0.76	− 12.90 (− 31.86, 6.04)	0.18	− 8.18 (− 27.11, 10.75)	0.39
Model 1^a	2.48 (− 21.97, 26.94)	0.84	− 14.16 (− 33.75, 5.41)	0.15	− 6.80 (− 30.92, 17.30)	0.57
Model 2^b	− 10.43 (− 60.26, 39.39)	0.67	− 12.97 (− 52.43, 26.48)	0.51	1.81 (− 45.14, 48.76)	0.93
Model 3^c	− 9.66 (− 59.82, 40.49)	0.70	− 16.82 (− 56.87, 23.23)	0.40	5.58 (− 41.49, 52.66)	0.81
Model 4^d	− 7.37 (− 58.86, 44.10)	0.77	− 15.76 (− 57.68, 26.16)	0.45	1.38 (− 46.70, 49.47)	0.95

All values are linear regression coefficient and 95% CIs, In tertiles, as continuous variables. P was obtained from linear regression analysis. FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, E-selectin endothelial selectin, sICAM-1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
^aModel 1: Adjusted for age and energy intake.
^bModel 2: Further adjusted for physical activity (MET-h/wk), current corticoid steroids use (yes or no), current OCP use (yes or no), marital status (categorical), menopausal status (yes or no), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and socioeconomic status (categorical).
^cModel 3: Further adjusted for BMI.
^dModel 4: Glycemic variables (FBG, HOMA-IR, HOMA- β, QUICKI, and insulin) were further adjusted for adhesion molecules (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1); serum adhesion molecules (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) were additionally adjusted for FBG, serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL-cholesterol.

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Table 6 Linear association of nutrient dietary patterns¹ with insulin resistance and endothelial function indexes.

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