Figure 4

(A) The distribution of the standard deviation of head-on-trunk motion in all six axes during “standing on foam with eyes closed” for healthy controls and individuals with VS. Comparison of kinematic variables of the head-on-trunk motion between (B) pre-operative vestibular schwannoma group and healthy controls, (C) post-operative vestibular schwannoma group and healthy controls, and (D) pre-operative and post-operative vestibular schwannoma groups. The kinematic variables are arranged horizontally along the x-axes. The 10 balance exercises are arranged vertically (y-axes) and categorized into 3 groups: tandem (purple), eyes-closed (yellow), and unstable surface (green). Rows shaded in purple-yellow, and green-yellow denote tandem stance with eyes closed, and standing on foam with eyes closed, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the two groups (p-value: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, and *** < 0.001).