Table 1 Baseline Characteristics Stratified by Sex-Specific HDL Quartiles.
From: Association between HDL levels and stroke outcomes in the Arab population
Sex-specific HDL Cut-offs | Overall (n = 2089) | Low HDL (n = 658) | Low-Normal HDL (n = 722) | High-Normal HDL (n = 309) | High HDL (n = 400) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M: ≤ 0.80 F: ≤ 1.00 | M: 0.80–1.00 F: 1.00–1.30 | M: 1.00–1.12 F: 1.30–1.60 | M: > 1.12 F: > 1.60 | |||
Baseline characteristics | ||||||
Patient demographics | ||||||
Age, years, mean ± SD | 62 ± 14 | 61 ± 13 | 63 ± 14 | 64 ± 14 | 62 ± 14 | 0.005* |
Age > 55 years, n (%) | 1,489 (72.5) | 445 (68.8) | 525 (73.5) | 228 (75.0) | 291 (74.6) | 0.082 |
Male sex, n (%) | 1,364 (66.4) | 409 (63.2) | 438 (61.3) | 180 (59.2) | 337 (86.4) | < 0.001* |
BMI, mean ± SD | 30 ± 6 | 30 ± 6 | 30 ± 7 | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | < 0.001* |
Patient comorbidities | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1403 (68.3) | 465 (71.9) | 498 (69.7) | 198 (65.1) | 242 (62.1) | 0.005* |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1635 (79.6) | 505 (78.1) | 570 (79.8) | 247 (81.3) | 313 (80.3) | 0.662 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 253 (12.3) | 78 (12.1) | 82 (11.5) | 46 (15.1) | 47 (12.1) | 0.431 |
Prior stroke history, n (%) | 392 (19.1) | 128 (19.8) | 131 (18.3) | 55 (18.1) | 78 (20.0) | 0.835 |
CAD, n (%) | 395 (19.2) | 151 (23.3) | 127 (17.8) | 44 (14.5) | 73 (18.7) | 0.006* |
Smoking history, n (%) | 594 (28.9) | 221 (34.2) | 195 (27.3) | 75 (24.7) | 103 (26.4) | 0.004* |
Obesity, n (%) | 886 (43.1) | 302 (46.7) | 325 (45.5) | 126 (41.4) | 133 (34.1) | < 0.001* |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1,126 (54.8) | 328 (50.7) | 406 (56.9) | 161 (53.0) | 231 (59.2) | 0.028* |
Admission vitals | ||||||
SBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 153 ± 27 | 149 ± 28 | 154 ± 27 | 156 ± 27 | 153 ± 28 | 0.001* |
DBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 84 ± 17 | 83 ± 17 | 84 ± 17 | 86 ± 17 | 85 ± 17 | 0.037* |
Admission labs | ||||||
RBS, mmol/L, median [IQR] | 8.5 [6.2–12.9] | 9.0 [6.4–13.3] | 8.5 [6.3–12.8] | 8.2 [5.9–12.8] | 8.1 [6.2–12.5] | 0.294 |
HbA1C, %, median [IQR] | 6.9 [5.8–9.1] | 7.1 [5.8–9.2] | 7.1 [5.8–9.3] | 6.8 [5.7–8.9] | 6.5 [5.7–9.0] | 0.078 |
TG, mmol/L, median [IQR] | 1.4 [1.0–2.1] | 1.9 [1.3–2.6] | 1.5 [1.1–2.0] | 1.2 [1.0–1.7] | 1.1 [0.8–1.6] | < 0.001* |
HDL, mmol/L, median [IQR] | 1.0 [0.8–1.2] | 0.8 [0.7–0.8] | 1.0 [0.9–1.1] | 1.1 [1.1–1.4] | 1.3 [1.2–1.5] | < 0.001* |
LDL, mmol/L, median [IQR] | 2.8 [2.0–3.5] | 2.5 [1.8–3.4] | 2.8 [2.2–3.6] | 2.8 [2.1–3.6] | 2.8 [2.1–3.7] | < 0.001* |
Chol, mmol/L, median [IQR] | 5.6 [3.7–5.4] | 4.2 [3.4–5.2] | 4.6 [3.8–5.4] | 4.7 [4.0–5.5] | 4.8 [4.1–5.8] | < 0.001* |
Stroke characteristics | ||||||
NIHSS, median [IQR] | 3 [1–6] | 4 [2–7] | 3 [1–6] | 3 [2–7] | 3 [1–6] | 0.004* |
TOAST classification, n (%) | ||||||
Small-vessel disease | 1,028 (50.0) | 314 (48.5) | 359 (50.3) | 148 (48.7) | 207 (53.1) | 0.424 |
Large-vessel disease | 368 (17.9) | 125 (19.3) | 131 (18.3) | 45 (14.8) | 67 (17.2) | |
Cardioembolic stroke | 448 (21.8) | 141 (21.8) | 147 (20.6) | 80 (26.3) | 80 (20.5) | |
Determined origin | 134 (6.5) | 38 (5.9) | 54 (7.6) | 17 (5.6) | 25 (6.4) | |
Undetermined origin | 77 (3.7) | 29 (4.5) | 23 (3.2) | 14 (4.6) | 11 (2.8) | |
