Table 1 Results of ABBA-BABA tests of ancient gene flow between populations of Nearctic American Toads (Bufo [= Anaxyrus] americanus; AT), Houston toads (B. houstonensis; HT), Woodhouse’s Toads (B. woodhousii; WT), and Middle American Gulf Coast Toads (B. nebulifer; GT).

D	JK-D	V(JK-D)	Z	p value	nABBA	nBABA	nBlocks	H1	H2	H3	H4
0.004	0.004	4.1E−05	0.68	0.49	15,055	14,924	1060	AT	HT	GT	CT
0.08	0.08	2.9E−05	14.5	< 0.001	56,864	48,555	1150	AT	HT	WT	CT
− 0.83	− 0.83	6E−06	− 355.1	< 0.001	15,055	166,312	1075	AT	GT	HT	CT
− 0.75	− 0.75	1.5E−05	− 189.6	< 0.001	13,037	89,282	1054	AT	GT	WT	CT
− 0.31	− 0.31	3.1E−05	− 55.9	< 0.001	56,864	108,079	1155	AT	WT	HT	CT
0.008	0.008	5.5E−05	1.01	0.31	13,037	12,843	1042	AT	WT	GT	CT
− 0.84	− 0.84	6.0E−06	− 338.6	< 0.001	14,924	166,312	1076	HT	GT	AT	CT
− 0.74	− 0.74	9.0E−06	− 240.6	< 0.001	25,649	169,765	1091	HT	GT	WT	CT
− 0.38	− 0.38	2.5E−05	− 76.2	< 0.001	48,555	108,079	1155	HT	WT	AT	CT
− 0.004	− 0.004	2.5E−05	− 0.75	0.45	25,649	25,844	1071	HT	WT	GT	CT
0.75	0.75	1.6E−05	184.5	< 0.001	89,282	12,843	1056	GT	WT	AT	CT
0.73	0.73	1.0E−05	235.8	< 0.001	169,765	25,844	1091	GT	WT	HT	CT

We aligned sequences to a common toad (Bufo bufo) reference genome and assumed allele states in this reference sequence were ancestral states. We used 292,117 sites and corroborated ancient gene flow between Nearctic species (i.e., B. americanus, B. houstonensis, and B. woodhousii) but no support for gene flow between Nearctic and Middle American (i.e., B. nebulifer) species. D: D statistic [i.e., (nABBA-nBABA)/(nABBA + nBABA)]; JK-D: Jackknife estimate of D statistic, V (JK-D): Standard deviation of Jackknife estimate; Z: Z-score.
Significant values are in bold.

Quick links

Search