Table 3 Detailed investigation of transformerless converters for nonconventional power generation systems.

From: Implementation of high step-up power converter for fuel cell application with hybrid MPPT controller

Network

Gain conversion

Components needed

Ground needs

Passive components

Current flow

Switch strain

Diodes strain

DSIBC79

\(\frac{2}{1 - D}\)

2-Switches, & 2-diodes

Need

2-Inductive, & 2-capacitive

Fluctuated

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

LLCPC80

\(\frac{1}{(1 - D)(1 + D)}\)

1-Switch, & 3-diodes

Need

2-Inductive, & 2-capacitive

Fluctuated

One

One

ITTPC81

\(\frac{1 + D}{{1 - D}}\)

2-Switches, & 4-diodes

Not

2-Inductive, & 3-capacitive

Uniform

\(\frac{{1 + Gain_{CCM} }}{{2*Gain_{CCM} }}\)

\(\frac{{1 + Gain_{CCM} }}{{2*Gain_{CCM} }}\)

BPC82

\(\frac{1}{1 - D}\)

1-Diode & 1-Switch

Not

1-Inductive & 1-capacitive

Uniform

One

One

EVGPC83

\(\frac{1}{D(1 - D)}\)

3-Switches, & 3- diodes

Need

2-Inductive, & 2-capacitive

Fluctuated

\(\frac{1}{2} + \sqrt {\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{{Gain_{CCM} }}}\)

\(\frac{3}{2} + \sqrt {\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{{Gain_{CCM} }}}\)

IQPC84

\(\frac{1 + 2D}{{1 - D}}\)

1-Switch & 3-Diodes

Need

3-Inductive, & 5-capacitive

Uniform

\(\frac{{Gain_{CCM} + 2}}{{3*Gain_{CCM} }}\)

\(\frac{{Gain_{CCM} + 2}}{{3*Gain_{CCM} }}\)

Proposed WIOSSBC

\(\frac{2 + D}{{1 - D}}\)

1-Switch & 4-Diodes

Need

2-Inductive, & 5-capacitive

Uniform

\(\frac{{3 + Gain_{CCM} }}{{4*Gain_{CCM} }}\)

\(\frac{{3 + Gain_{CCM} }}{{4*Gain_{CCM} }}\)