Table 1 Patient Baseline Characteristics*.

From: Cyclosporine A in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients to prevent the development of interstitial lung disease: a pilot randomized clinical trial

Characteristic

Total (N = 33)

Cyclosporine A plus standard of care (N = 17)

Standard of care (N = 16)

Sociodemographic

 Age years

56.7 ± 11.8

53.6 ± 12.1

60.1 ± 11.0

 Female sex

11 (33.3)

5 (29.4)

6 (37.5)

Race***

 Caucasian

23 (69.7)

11(64.7)

12(75.0)

 Hispanic

8 (24.2)

6 (35.3)

2 (12.5)

 African (Black and North-African)

2 (6.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (12.5)

Education

 None or basic

19 (57.5)

10 (52.6)

9 (47.4)

 Middle or high

14 (42.4)

7 (50.0)

7 (50.0)

Comorbidities**

 Body mass index

28.3 [25.8–36.7]

28.3 [27.7–35.0]

28.4 [25.5–36.7]

 Arterial hypertension

9 (27.2)

7 (41.2)

2 (12.5)

 Diabetes mellitus

6 (18.1)

3 (17.6)

3 (18.8)

 Cerebrovascular disease

1(3.0)

0 (0.0)

1(6.3)

 Former or active smoker

11 (33.3)

5 (29.4)

6 (37.5)

 ACE inhibitors

4 (12.1)

4 (23.5)

0 (0.0)

 ARA II

4 (12.1)

3 (17.6)

1 (6.2)

Clinical status

 Temperature (°C)

36.8 [36.3–37.7]

37.4 [36.5–38.0]

36.5 [36.3–36.9]

 Respiratory rate (bpm)

20 [18.0–24.0]

22 [18.0–24.0]

20 (17.0–23.5]

 Blood oxygen saturation (0–100)

90.0 [88.0–92.5]

91.0 [90.0–92.0]

89.5 [ 88.0–92.5]

 SpFi (0- > 600)

346.0 [212.5- 423.5]

344.0 [267.0–396.0]

411.5 [182.0–433.0]

 SOFA score (0–24)

1 [0.0–2.5]

1 [0.0–2.0]

2 [0.0–3.5]

 qSOFA score (0–3)

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

 CURB-65 score (0–5)

0 [0–1]

0 [0–1]

1 [0–1]

 WHO ordinal scale (0–8)

4 [4.00–4.05]

4 [4.00–4.00]

4 [4.00–5.00]

Laboratory parameters

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

20.10 [5.65–39.95]

24.1 [9.20–35.90]

11.65 [5.50–36.35]

 White blood cell count (cells/mm3)

6610 [5235–8970]

8590 [6330- 10980]

5875 [4895–6850]

 Neutrophils (cells/mm3)

5000 [3750–6750]

6300 [4600- 7500]

4300 [3200–5000]

 Lymphocytes (cells/mm3)

900 [600–1150]

900 [700–1200]

900 [550–1100]

 CRP (mg/L)

87.5 [36.4–126.2]

77.7 [31.2–117.6]

108.4 [47.2–128.2]

 D-dimer (ng/ml)

490 [325–760]

430[320–540]

590 [455–945]

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

772 [362.0–1250.0]

829 [556.5–1278.0]

71 [183.0–1076.0]

 Troponin 1 (ng/mL)

0.02 [0.02–0.02]

0.02 [0.02–0.02]

0.02 [0.02–0.02]

 LDH (U/L)

313.0 [272.5–394.0]

274.0 [264.0–353.0]

356.5 [300.0–402.0]

 Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.060 [0.020–0.110]

0.065 [0.035–0.095]

0.060 [0.020–0.120]

Chest X-ray

 Unilateral infiltrates

2 (6.0)

1 (5.8)

1 (6.2)

 Bilateral infiltrates

29 (87.8)

15 (88.2)

14 (87.5)

 Diffuse infiltrates

2 (6.0)

1 (5.8)

1 (6.2)

Standard of care

 Third-generation cephalosporin

33 (100)

17 (100)

16 (100)

 Low-molecular-weight heparin

33 (100)

17 (100)

16 (100)

 Remdesivir

12 (36.4)

7 (41.2)

5 (31.3)

 Dexamethasone

31 (93.9)

17 (100)

14 (87.5)

  1. Data are shown as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, and median [interquartile range].
  2. *No differences between groups except for temperature (p = 0.017), white blood cell count (p = 0.009), and neutrophils (p = 0.011).
  3. **No patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney failure, chronic liver disease, or cancer. No patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment.
  4. ***Not calculable.
  5. ACE inhibitors: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARAII: angiotensin II receptor antagonist; ºC: degrees centigrade; bpm: breaths per minute; SpFi: ratio of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry to the fraction of inspired oxygen; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; qSOFA: quick SOFA; CURB-65: Confusion-Uremia-Respiratory rate- Blood pressure-age > 65; WHO: Word Health Organization; IL-6: interleukin 6; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.
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