Table 5 Correlation of corrected odor identification scores (adjusted for age, sex, ApoE4, and MMSE) with CSF biomarker levels: Spearman's rho of studentized residuals.

From: Odor identification score as an alternative method for early identification of amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

CSF AD biomarkers

rho

P-value

A. Normal biomarkers and selected AD continuum group (A−/T−/N−, A+/T−/N−, A+/T+/N−, and A+/T+/N+)

 Aβ40

− 0.013

0.911

 Aβ42

0.230

0.043

 Aβ42/40 ratio

0.292

0.010

 p-Tau

− 0.097

0.400

 t-Tau

− 0.183

0.109

 p-Tau/Aβ42 ratio*

− 0.206

0.070

 p-Tau/t-Tau ratio*

0.042

0.716

B. Normal biomarkers and p-Tau accumulation without amyloidogenesis group (A−/T−/N−, A−/T+/N−, and A−/T+/N+)

 Aβ40

0.198

0.094

 Aβ42

0.195

0.099

 Aβ42/40 ratio

− 0.033

0.781

 p-Tau

− 0.040

0.739

 t-Tau

0.082

0.491

 p-Tau/Aβ42 ratio

− 0.084

0.479

 p-Tau/t-Tau ratio

− 0.034

0.774

C. Normal biomarkers and SNAP group (A−/T−/N−, A−/T+/N−, A−/T+/N+, and A−/T−/N+)

 Aβ40

0.123

0.261

 Aβ42

0.130

0.237

 Aβ42/40 ratio

− 0.024

0.831

 p-Tau

− 0.036

0.742

 t-Tau

0.032

0.769

 p-Tau/Aβ42 ratio

− 0.048

0.661

 p-Tau/t-Tau ratio

− 0.041

0.712

  1. Weak correlations were found between corrected odor identification scores and CSF biomarkers (Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratio) in the group characterized by normal biomarkers and selected AD continuum group (A).
  2. No correlations were found between corrected scores for odor identification and CSF biomarkers (Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratio) in the group characterized by normal biomarkers and p-Tau accumulation without amyloidogenesis (B), as well as in the group characterized by normal biomarkers and SNAP (C).
  3. CSF cerebrospinal fluid; AD Alzheimer’s disease; SNAP suspected non-AD pathophysiology.
  4. Significant values are in [bold].
  5. *Logarithmic transformation.
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