Figure 6

Change of the crowding distance of solutions adjacent to the removed one using DECD for two objectives. (a) Crowding distances of \(x_{i - 1}\) and \(x_{i + 1}\) before \(x_{i}\) is removed, and (b) crowding distances of \(x_{i - 1}\) and \(x_{i + 1}\) after \(x_{i}\) is removed.