Figure 4

Electrophoretic image and band intensity graph showing DNA amplification results of PCR mixture containing 5 ng, 500 pg, 50 pg, 5 pg, and 500 fg of lambda DNA and NTC by (a) photothermal PCR and (b) conventional PCR. (c) Temperature profiles of the PCR mixture during the progression of the 40-cycle, two-step photothermal PCR (top) and the conventional PCR (bottom) process. Notably, the photothermal PCR completes its analysis in just 800 s, in contrast to the conventional PCR, which requires 2000 s. This represents a significant reduction in analysis time by 60%, demonstrating the efficiency of the photothermal PCR method. The gel images in (a) and (b) are cropped. The original gel images are presented in Supplementary Figs. S9 and S10. Lane M: 100 bp DNA Ladder, Lane NTC : negative template control.