Table 1 Global AMOVA results as a weighted average over 4331 loci (LD-pruned ALB SNP subset with 7810 SNPs).

From: Complex European invasion history of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky): new insights in its population genomic differentiation using genotype-by-sequencing

Source of variation

Sum of squares

Variance components

Percentage variation

(a) AMOVA—no. of groups 1

 Among populations

72,168.004

291.602 (Va)

34.684***

 Within populations

128,889.709

549.148 (Vb)

65.316

 Total

201,057.714

840.750

 

(b) AMOVA—no. of groups 3—CH, D, I

 Among groups

21,676.457

151.379 (Va)

16.394***

 Among populations within groups

47,618.770

253.354 (Vb)

27.438***

 Within populations

107,718.758

518.636 (Vc)

56.168***

Total

177,013.985

923.369

 
  1. (a) no hierarchical structure (b) structure to test: populations of Switzerland, Germany and Italy grouped to the respective country.
  2. Significance tests (1023 permutations) for all Va, Vb, Vc and fixation indices: ***p ≤ 0.001; (a) FST = 0.347***, (b) FST = 0.438***, FSC = 0.328***, FCT = 0.164***.
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