Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.

From: Lower left atrial function in young individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls: an echocardiographic study

Variables

T1DM

Control

p

Total

N

43

43

 

86

Sex n (%)

 Female

24 (56)

22 (51)

 

46 (53)

 Male

19 (44)

21 (49)

0.669

40 (47)

Age (year)

 Mean (SD)

20 (6)

20 (6)

 

20 (6)

 Median (range)

19 (11–30)

20 (10–30)

0.843

20 (10–30)

Age category median n (%)

 < 18

16 (37)

18 (42)

 

34 (40)

 ≥ 18

27 (63)

25 (58)

0.663

52 (60)

Height (cm)

 Mean (SD)

171 (11)

172 (11)

 

171 (11)

 Median (range)

170 (148–192)

173 (144–188)

0.339

172 (144–192)

Weight (kg)

 Mean (SD)

72 (18)

67 (15)

 

69 (16)

 Median (range)

72 (39–134)

66 (32–97)

0.199

68 (32–134)

Body surface area (m2)

 Mean (SD)

1.83 (0.25)

1.78 (0.24)

 

1.80 (0.24)

 Median (range)

1.83 (1.32–2.51)

1.79 (1.15–2.14)

0.542

1.82 (1.15–2.51)

Body mass index (kg/m2)*

 Mean (SD)

25 (5)

23 (3)

 

24 (4)

 Median (range)

25 (17–41)

23 (19–32)

0.017

24 (17–41)

SBP (mmHg)

 Mean (SD)

116 (12)

117 (10)

 

116 (11)

 Median (range)

115 (95–150)

120 (100–136)

0.275

120 (95–150)

DBP (mmHg)

 Mean (SD)

69 (10)

69 (7)

 

69 (8)

 Median (range)

70 (50–92)

70 (58–84)

0.549

70 (50–92)

Heart rate (beats/min)

 Mean (SD)

73 (12)

67 (11)

 

70 (12)

 Median (range)

70 (52–93)

67 (44–85)

0.039

70 (44–93)

Exercise test (max Watt)

 Mean (SD)

191 (53)

208 (69)

 

200 (62)

 Median (range)

170 (130–333)

184 (100–380)

0.190

180 (100–380)

Exercise test (%)*

 Mean (SD)

92 (14)

97 (17)

 

94 (16)

 Median (range)

93 (57–128)

96 (68–136)

0.302

93 (57–136)

  1. Differences analysed using Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables and Fishers exact test for frequencies. Results are expressed as mean with standard deviation (SD) and median with range.
  2. BSA body surface area (m2), BMI body mass index (kg/m2) (corrected for age according to WHO), SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate (beats/min).
  3. Significance level < 0.05. Exercise test (*Percentage of predicted maximum workload for age, sex and BSA).
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