Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics.

From: Sub-anesthetic dose of esketamine decreases postoperative opioid self-administration after spine surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis

 

Non-esketamine (n = 469)

Esketamine (n = 121)

P

Sex male/female (%)

209/260 (44.6/55.4)

55/66 (45.5/54.5)

0.942

Age (median [IQR])

60.00 [52.00, 68.00]

59.00 [52.00, 68.00]

0.681

BMI (median [IQR])

24.00 [22.31, 26.04]

24.00 [22.49, 26.17]

0.922

Weight (median [IQR])

65.00 [58.00, 71.00]

65.00 [59.00, 72.00]

0.513

Smoking no/yes (%)

414/55 (88.3/11.7)

108/13 (89.3/10.7)

0.887

Drinking no/yes (%)

394/75 (84.0/16.0)

109/12 (90.1/9.9)

0.124

Lumbar surgery history no/yes (%)

444/25 (94.7/5.3)

112/9 (92.6/7.4)

0.504

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

0.513

 No

433 (92.3)

115 (95.0)

 

 Ischemic disease

29 (6.2)

4 (3.3)

 

 Cerebral hemorrhage

5 (1.1)

2 (1.7)

 

 Others

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

 

Heart disease (%)

0.313

 No

431 (91.9)

108 (89.3)

 

 Coronary artery disease

32 (6.8)

13 (10.7)

 

 Valvular disease

3 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

 

 Others

3 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

 

Pulmonary disease no/yes (%)

441/28 (94.0/6.0)

115/6 (95.0/5.0)

0.836

Hepatic disease no/yes (%)

461/8 (98.3/1.7)

119/2 (98.3/1.7)

1

Renal disease no/yes (%)

462/7 (98.5/1.5)

116/5 (95.9/4.1)

0.141

Hypertension no/yes (%)

327/142 (69.7/30.3)

83/38 (68.6/31.4)

0.897

DM no/yes (%)

426/43 (90.8/9.2)

105/16 (86.8/13.2)

0.248

ASA (%)

0.643

 II

214 (45.6)

61 (50.4)

 

 III

238 (50.7)

56 (46.3)

 

 IV

17 (3.6)

4 (3.3)

 

Heart function (%)

0.348

 I

352 (75.1)

87 (71.9)

 

 II

112 (23.9)

34 (28.1)

 

 III

5 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

 

WBC (median [IQR])

5.73 [4.72, 7.03]

5.43 [4.41, 6.76]

0.085

Neutrophil (median [IQR])

3.50 [2.65, 4.64]

3.18 [2.43, 4.39]

0.149

Uric acid (median [IQR])

281.40 [233.20, 340.70]

284.70 [214.70, 334.80]

0.677

CRP (median [IQR])

2.13 [1.44, 3.91]

2.03 [1.39, 3.97]

0.578

Preoperative NSAID no/yes (%)

152/317 (32.4/67.6)

39/82 (32.2/67.8)

1

Azasetron no/yes (%)

103/366 (22.0/78.0)

25/96 (20.7/79.3)

0.853

Dexamethasone no/yes (%)

139/330 (29.6/70.4)

29/92 (24.0/76.0)

0.263

Flurbiprofen no/yes (%)

108/361 (23.0/77.0)

41/80 (33.9/66.1)

0.02

Dezocine no/yes (%)

343/126 (73.1/26.9)

89/32 (73.6/26.4)

1

Hydromorphine no/yes (%)

321/148 (68.4/31.6)

72/49 (59.5/40.5)

0.08

Dexmedetomidine no/yes (%)

370/99 (78.9/21.1)

91/30 (75.2/24.8)

0.453

Surgery duration (median [IQR])

216 [177, 260]

220 [190, 256]

0.599

Surgery type no/fixation (%)

123/346 (26.2/73.8)

20/101 (16.5/83.5)

0.036

Postoperative NSAID no/yes (%)

311/158 (66.3/33.7)

97/24 (80.2/19.8)

0.005

Pushes of PCA (median [IQR])

3.00 [1.00, 7.00]

2.00 [0.00, 3.00]

0.001

  1. ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, DM diabetes mellitus, IQR interquartile range, PCA patient-controlled analgesia, WBC white blood cell.
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