Figure 2
From: In silico optimization of aligned fiber electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators
Actuation of a representative volume element with a fixed dielectric thickness (h/d = 5) and varying electrode density. (a) Schematic of the dimensions of the representative volume element. Images of finite element simulations at device failure: (b) displacement, (c) voltage distribution, and (d) electric field distribution. For select values of the electrode density (2r/d): (e) thickness actuation strain as a function of nominal E-field, (f) field localization (Emax/Ebulk), (g) compressive stress–strain behavior, and (h) thickness actuation strain as a function of the maximum E-field.
