Table 1 Estimated (\({\tilde{\sigma }}_{{Y}_{md+b}}^{2}\)(θ)) and calculated (\({\sigma }_{{Y}_{{Y}_{md+b}}}^{2}\)) variance of the side frequencies around the 1st UPWM carrier harmonic for four input signals with four different window sizes.

From: Spectrum analysis of digital UPWM signals generated from random modulating signals

Signal/number of samples

\({\tilde{\sigma }}_{{Y}_{md+b}}^{2}\)(θ) vs \({\tilde{\sigma }}_{{Y}_{md+b}}^{2}\)

1764

8820

44,100

220,500

Equation (37)

Equation (19)

Equation (37)

Equation (19)

Equation (37)

Equation (19)

Equation (37)

Equation (19)

Arcsine

3.74E−05

3.81E−05

7.78E−06

7.64E−06

1.49E−06

1.50E−06

2.99E−07

3.00E−07

Normal

5.00E−06

5.02E−06

9.84E−07

1.01E−06

2.03E−07

2.00E−07

4.10E−08

4.01E−08

Laplace

2.36E−06

2.60E−06

5.43E−07

4.97E−07

1.05E−07

1.03E−07

2.10E−08

2.06E−08

Uniform

2.82E−05

2.90E−05

5.77E−06

5.77E−06

1.17E−06

1.15E−06

2.40E−07

2.30E−07