Figure 2

Comparative analysis of Buchnera titer in aphid nymphs treated with PNA_GroEL and PNA_mm. Buchnera titer in aphid nymphs treated with PNA_GroEL is significantly lower compared to those treated with PNA_mm. Second instar aphid nymphs were injected with 15 μM PNA_GroEL (red boxplot) or control PNA_mm (blue boxplot). Buchnera titer was quantified using qPCR 24 h after PNA injection. The data were log-transformed and tested with a one-tailed Student’s t-test. P value is shown between the two boxplots (p = 0.008 < 0.01). Each black dot indicates a single PNA-treated aphid nymph.