Table 6 Summary of major algorithms used for signal detection.

From: A real-world analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) events for liposomal and conventional doxorubicins

Algorithms

Equation

Criteria

ROR

ROR = (a/b)/(c/d)

95% CI > 1, N ≥ 2

PRR

PRR = (a/(a + c))/(b/(b + d)); χ2 = Σ ((O − E)2/E); (O = a, E = (a + b) (a + c)/(a + b + c + d))

PRR ≥ 2, χ2 ≥ 4, N ≥ 3

BCPNN

IC = log2a (a + b + c + d)/((a + c) (a + b))

IC025 > 0

  1. a number of reports containing both the suspect drug and the suspect adverse drug reaction, b number of reports containing the suspect adverse drug reaction with other medications (except the drug of interest), c number of reports containing the suspect drug with other adverse drug reactions (except the event of interest), d number of reports containing other medications and other adverse drug reactions. ROR reporting odds ratio, CI confidence interval, N the number of co-occurrences, PRR proportional reporting ratio, BCPNN Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, IC information component, IC025 the lower limit of the 95% two-sided CI of the IC, 95% CI = eIn (ROR) ± 1.96√(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d).
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