Table 2 The description of the cohort utilized to run the test conditions (external validation set).
Test condition | Data description or project source (number of cases), image size | Number of images/patches | Scanner vendor | Objective magnification level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prostate cancer detection on the H&E slides | ||||
Slide condition or sample dimension | ||||
Old slides (~ 20 years) | ||||
Patch images | McNeal’s anatomy study32 (15 cases), ~ 512 × 512 µm | 11,862+ | Philips | 10× |
Recent slides (< 6 years) | ||||
TMA Spots (Smallest sample dimension) | Stanford TMA database (339 cases), 2048 × 2048 pixels spot images | 1129 | Leica | 20× |
All whole mount slides of each single case+++ (Largest sample dimension) | Radical prostatectomy (46 cases), whole-mount slide | 368 | Leica | 20× |
Tumor volume estimation | ||||
All slides of each single case+++ | Radical prostatectomy (46 cases), whole-mount slides | 368 | Leica | 20× |
Sorting slides according to prostate cancer presence | ||||
Tissue sampling method | ||||
Radical prostatectomy specimens | Radical prostatectomy (136), whole-mount slides | 1080 | Leica | 20× |
Dissected pelvic lymph nodes | Lymph node dissection (50 lymph nodes), whole slides | 19 | Leica | 20× |
Obduction Cystprostatectomy specimens | The Genotype-Tissue Expression project33 (40 cases), whole slides++ | 40 | Leica | 40× |
Radical prostatectomy specimens | PAI-WSIT project34 (18 cases), whole slides++ | 60 | Hamamatsu | 40× |
Gleason pattern detection and ISUP grading | ||||
Tissue sampling method | ||||
Biopsy cores | The International Society of Urological Pathology image library35, 2048 × 2048 pixels (72dpi) micrograph, (137 cases) | 137 | Olympus (micrograph) | 20× |
Radical prostatectomy specimens | Radical prostatectomy (136), whole-mount slides | 1080 | Leica | 20× |
Very limited tissues with prostate cancer | Patches from 594 random regions with Gleason patterns 3–5 and HGPIN in 24 whole-mount WS images (24 cases), 512 × 512 µm | 3840 (20×) 1128 (10×) | Leica | 20× 10× |
Detection of ductal morphology | ||||
Patch images | Patches from 38 random regions from 2 WS images of 2 cases with ductal adenocarcinoma plus 218 random regions with Gleason pattern 3–5 in 9 WS images of 9 cases, 512 × 512 µm | 2112 | Leica | 10× |
Detection of cribriform pattern | ||||
Patch images | Patches from 32 random regions with Cribriform patterns of 5 cases and 199 random regions with noncribriform prostate cancers and Gleason patterns 3–5 in 9 whole-mount WS images (9 cases), ~ 512 × 512 µm | 928 | Leica | 10× |
Detection of vessels | ||||
Patch images | Patches from 642 random regions with blood vessels on 22 WS images (22 cases) and 478 random regions with Gleason patterns 3–5 on 20 WS images (20 cases), 512 × 512 µm | 4608 | Leica | 10× |
Detection of nerve structure | ||||
Patch images | Patches from 628 random regions with nerves or ganglions on 22 WS images (22 cases) and 216 random regions with Gleason patterns 4–5 (8 slides, 8 cases), 512 × 512 µm | 1280 | Leica | 10× |
Detection of inflammatory cell infiltration | ||||
Patch images | Patches from 123 random regions with inflammatory cell infiltration on 19 WS images (19 cases) and 216 random regions with Gleason patterns 4 and 5 (8 slides, 8 cases), ~ 512 × 512 µm | 768 | Leica | 10× |
HGPIN detection | ||||
Patch images | Random 32 regions from 10 WM images (10 cases); 40 random regions with intraductal adenocarcinoma from 4 WM images (4 cases); 19 random regions with benign prostatic hyperplasia from 4 WM images (4 cases), ~ 512 × 512 µm | 2687 | Leica | 10× |
Integration into an electronic pathology report platform | ||||
Radical prostatectomy specimens | 136 radical prostatectomy specimens, complete representative whole-mount slides per case | 1028 (Median: 8 per case) | Leica | 20× |
